<p>The Salem Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Salem, Washington County, Indiana. The original plat of the town, founded in 1814, is within the district. It is bounded by Mulberry and Hackberry Street in the north, Hayes Street in the east, the CSX railroad tracks in the south, and Brock Creek to the west. It encompasses 253 contributing buildings, 3 contributing structures, and 5 contributing objects in the central business district of Salem. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Its architectural styles are Italianate, Gothic Revival, Classical Revival, Late Victorian, Early Republic, and Late 19th/20th Century Revivals.</p><br>
<p>Within the District are several building which are individually listed on the National Register:</p><br>
<p>Hay-Morrison House, two blocks east of the square, which is part of the John Hay Center</p><br>
<p>Washington County Courthouse was placed on the National Register of in 1980. It was built in Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style by Harry P. McDonald of Louisville and his brother in 1888, the third courthouse at that location. Limestone from the area was used in the construction.</p><br>
<p>Washington County Jail and Sheriffs Residence is a half block south of the courthouse square. It was placed on the National Register in 1984. It was built by Joseph Balsley in a Second Empire architectural style. It is now a womens and Children&#39;s shelter.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church, two blocks northeast of the square, was placed on the National Register in 1985. It was built by R.C. Stephans in 1921. It is of Romanesque style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Markers on the square note when John Hunt Morgan raided the town, with a cannon pointing as it did on that day when the Raiders arrived in town. The Salem Presbyterian Church, one block east of the square, is on the state register of historic places; all on the National register are automatically on the state register.</p><br>
<p>Image:Salem_IN_Courthouse.jpgCounty Courthouse</p><br>
<p>Image:Salem_IN_Jail.jpgJail and Sheriff&#39;s Residence</p><br>
<p>Image:Salem_IN_First_Baptist_Church.jpgFirst Baptist Church</p><br>
<p>The John Hay Center is on the eastern edge of the Salem Downtown Historic District in Salem, Indiana. It comprises:</p><br>
<p>Hay-Morrison House: birthplace and home of Abraham Lincolns private secretary and Secretary of State under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, John Hay, and is on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971. It was purchased in 1837 by Hays father, Dr. Charles Hay. The Washington County Historical Society purchased the home in 1967, and restored it to an 1840 appearance.</p><br>
<p>Pioneer Village: a "living village" typical of the 1840s in Indiana. The general store and post office were from New Philadelphia, Indiana, and the bell tower, blacksmith, cabin, carpenter, church, jail, loom, school, and smokehouse buildings were constructed of logs from old Washington County stores and homes.</p><br>
<p>Stevens Memorial Museum: It was built in 1970 from materials of several local historic buildings, particularly brick. It holds several artifacts of Indiana and American importance, and a genealogy center. Exhibits include a dentist office, a local candy maker, and antebellum attorneys. Additions were added in 1984 and 1995.</p><br>
<p>Depot Railroad Museum: Built to resemble the depot burned by John Hunt Morgan in 1863, and holds various railroad memorabilia and panoramas of the Washington County, Indiana landscape in historical times. This includes a money chest that was checked by Morgan&#39;s Raiders for money, and when it revealed only tools, the depot was burned. It was dedicated on September 22, 2001, thanks to the efforts of a local retired newspaper editor whose collection was the basis of the depot, with several grants from contributors and 39 students moved the model trains to the newly built building.</p><br>
<p>The annual expenses of the Center is $80,000, of which only $7,000 comes from the county. No money was ever borrowed to make improvements on the center; everything was paid with funds already in hand. The Center was the brainchild of native Everett Dean, who had a fondness for local history. Much of his memorabilia are within the museum.</p><br>
<p>File:Hay_Center_Cabin.jpgCabins in the Pioneer Village</p><br>
<p>File:Hay_Center_festival.jpgOld Settlers Days festival within the Center</p><br>
<p>File:Hay_Depot_Museum_panorama.jpgPanorama inside the Depot</p><br>
<p>Becks Mill is a historic gristmill in Washington County, Indiana in the United States. It is seven miles  southwest of Salem. It was built in 1808, rebuilt in 1864 after a fire, one year after John Hunt Morgan demanded ransom for every Washington County mill to be spared from burning. The mill was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It was on the list of the Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indianas 10 Most Endangered historic places in 2005 and 2006, but was not in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mill is situated in a rocky ravine surrounded by sycamores and maples. It is at one of the highest elevations in Indiana, at 946 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the mill was originally an Indian burial ground, with the Shawnee and Delaware tribes living nearby. The Indians were presumably displeased when the first white man on the land, George Beck arrived from North Carolina with his sons to the Indiana Territory in 1807, after brief stops in Kentucky. Once establishing a place to live near the future site of his mill and building a primitive shelter, he retrieved the rest of his family, who were living near Louisville, Kentucky, a few months later.</p><br>
<p>While exploring his property, Beck saw a waterfall coming out of a cave while hunting on the property. He quickly decided it would be a perfect place for a mill. This waterfall, which is actually a spring, is the second largest spring in Indiana. The cave is a mile-long, and provides water throughout the year. The first mill was built in 1808, and was 11 ft x 11 ft stone and log structure. Beck built a small dam uphill west of the mill, which through gravity would create a low head of pressure for water to go through wooden troughs to turn the mill wheel, which was overshot. Some of the stones used for mill were buhr, and were brought to the site from Louisville, but originally from France. A second mill, built in 1825, was a frame building considerably larger than the first mill, which it replaced. Two carding machines was added in 1828.</p><br>
<p>The current mill was the third one on the property, and was the first to have two stories and furniture manufacturing. The mill in its most active years (1864-1890) ran 24 hours a day, using a turbine/waterwheel combination to turn the grindstones. Families would sometimes wait three days for their corn to be milled at Becks, forcing a settlement by the mill. Eventually, the modern roller mills far surpassed the capability of gristmills, and urbanization made rural mills difficult to transport to in comparison, causing Becks Mill to stop operating in 1914. In 1963 a tornado touched down on the property, killing two people.</p><br>
<p>Of the 65 mills that operated in Washington County, it is the only one still standing, and less than 20 still stand in Indiana. However, it was placed on Indiana&#39;s 10 Most Endangered List due to water damage and trespassers, some of whom vandalized the mill. Descendants of the original owners owned the mill and the surrounding area until November 2005, when the sixth generation became willing to sell.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Friends of Beck&#39;s Mill, a nonprofit organization, was given the 14 acre and building by Donald & Joyce Andersen (Joyce being a direct descendant of the George Beck family). This gift was the results of the efforts and negotiation of D.Jack Mahuron of Salem, with the hope that the mill could be saved, and maybe even become operational as the centerpiece of a local park. Mahuron had worked on getting the restoration started for several years, since the owner Estel Larue Allen died in 1982. In June 2006, a member of the Friends, won a $1,000 door prize from the Washington County Community Foundation, an annual giveaway for use of community projects, and chose to use the $1,000 to start an Endowment for the mill. The fund created a permanent endowment to market and operate the mill.</p><br>
<p>John Hawkins, an architect from Jeffersonville, Indiana, calculated that $600,000 would be required to restore the mill, with additional funds needed to reopen it. Donald and Joyce Andersen has since offered the use of approximately over 70 acre for use as trails and recreation. (This 70 plus acres has since been purchased-from the Andersens in 2012 by Gayle Cook and presented to the Friends).3 acre across the road from the mill are used for parking at no cost to the Friends of Becks Mill. William and Gayle Cook, billionaire philanthropists, made a large donation of approximately $1,200,000.00 in 2007 to begin the restoration process. Jack Mahuron had served on the Board of Advisers of IU Southeast with Bill Cook and knew that he and Gayle were interested in Beck&#39;s Mill. They had visited it several times over the years. Jack contacted him at Bloomington asking him to assist with the restoration. He graciously declined because he was busy with the restoration of French Lick and West Baden Hotels. A few months later, however, on March 1, 2007, he sent his Architect George Ridgway and his contractor Joe Pritchett of Pritchett Brothers, to a meeting of the Friends, it was announced that billionaire Bill and Gayle Cook would fund the restoration if the Friends would accept the offer.</p><br>
<p>Restoration of the mill began in earnest in May 2007 with Tracy Wells as foreman of the project for Pritchett Brothers. The first task was to remove the old equipment, tools, and the remaining features of the general store and fabric-making, including two carding machines. The old turbines were cleaned, and the stone foundation was repaired by lifting the mill from its moorings. In September 2007 the outside work was stopped for the year. The mill workings, currently held in storage at Salem, were re-installed in the spring 2008. A grand opening of the mill is planned for the fall of 2008, in time for the 200th anniversary of the first Beck&#39;s Mill.</p><br>
<p>The Washington County Chamber of Commerce gave their 2007 Citizen of the Year award to the Friends, due to the restoration of the mill. There is some fear that restoration of the mill by using cave water may affect the ecology of the cave, in particular its blind fish. Becks Mill is set to be reopened for the public on September 20, 2008, to coincide with the Old Settlers Days festival in Salem.</p><br>
<p>Upon completion of the restoration, Jack Mahuron, the primary supporter and fund raiser for the restoration and a member of the Hoosier Hikers Council of Martinsville, Indiana, asked the hiking group to come in and build walking trails. Suzanne Mittenthal, executive Director of the group brought in several of the members for the work. Over a three-year period and on weekends the hikers built over three mile of trails for the public to use and enjoy Sinking Spring, the bluffs, the Quarry and the natural beauty of the park.</p><br>
<p>The restoration of a 200-year-old log cabin has also been in progress on the hill in back of the Mill.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was completed by member Raymond Lee in the fall of 2011, with most of the funds for the cabin restoration coming from the Paul Ogle Foundation of Jeffersonville.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>After the Pigeon Roost Massacre in 1812, the Becks built two small forts on the property to protect against Indians, and perhaps also due to Indians stealing three barrels of whiskey from George Beck. The new protection began to draw new residents. In 1814 the settlement of Becks Mill was in consideration to be the county seat of Washington County, only for Salem to eventually get the coveted position. Today the settlement, a few yards uphill from the mill, is the crossroad of Becks Mill Road and Old Vincennes trail, with a former fire station and country store being its main signs of civilization. The Stage Coach stop from New Albany, Indiana was also located at the SW corner and is still standing. The Becks Hill store has been reopened and is owned and operated by Bill and Annie Smith. It is operated as an old general store and museum. Food is also served, the menu consists of soups, sandwiches and soft ice cream.An extremely old dwelling on the SE adjoining the store and also belonging to Smiths is being restored.</p><br>
<h2>Beck's Mill Bridge</h2><br>
<p>On September 20, 2007, the bridge by the mill, referred to by the NRHP as the Beck&#39;s Mill Bridge, or Washington County Bridge # 105, was placed on the National Register separately.</p><br>
<p>It&#39;s a concrete arch bridge designed by Daniel Luten, a noted engineer from Indiana known for his work on elastic theory, for arch bridges.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is scheduled to be restored in 2017.</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 1.jpgSouth side, November 2006</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 09-2007 uphill.jpgSouth side, September 2007</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 2.jpgRoad/East side, November 2006</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 09-2007 front.jpgRoad side, September 2007</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 4.jpgNorth side, November 2006</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill 09-2007.jpgNorth side, September 2007</p><br>
<p>File:Becks Mill downtown.jpgCrossroads of Beck&#39;s Mill, Indiana</p><br>
<p>File:Beck&#39;s Mill 09-2008 front.JPGRoad/East side, September 2008</p><br>
<p>File:Beck&#39;s Mill 09-2008 uphill.JPGSouth side of the mill</p><br>
<p>File:Beck&#39;s Mill 2008 distant.JPGDistant view</p><br>
<p>File:Beck&#39;s Mill hillside.JPGHillside of the mill</p><br>
<p>File:Beck&#39;s Mill Bridge 2.JPGAnother view of the bridge</p><br>
<p>Mount Oread is a hill in Lawrence, Kansas upon which the University of Kansas is located. It sits on the water divide between the Kansas and Wakarusa rivers. It was named after the Oread Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. The hill was originally called Hogback Ridge by many Lawrence residents until the Oread name was adopted in 1866.</p><br>
<p>For emigrants going westward by wagon train on the Oregon Trail, "The Hill", as Mount Oread is now commonly referred to by residents of Lawrence, was the next big topographical challenge after crossing the Wakarusa River near today&#39;s Haskell Indian Nations University.</p><br>
<p>According to the United States Geological Survey, Mount Oread is located approximately 1,037 ft above sea level. By way of comparison, downtown Lawrence is about 846 ft above sea level. Mount Oread is perhaps best known for being the staging area of William Quantrill&#39;s raid into Lawrence on August 21, 1863, during the American Civil War. Presently, the campus of the University of Kansas (KU) rests on Mount Oread.</p><br>
<p>Mount Oread is the type locality for the Oread Limestone, and so, gives its name to the Oread Escarpment rising in this region of Kansas. Oread Limestone was quarried from the hilltop and used in the earliest of the campus buildings of KU.</p><br>
<p>Old Westbury Gardens is the former estate of John Shaffer Phipps , heir to a USA Steel fortune, in Nassau County, New York. Located at 71 Old Westbury Road in Old Westbury, the property was converted into a museum home in 1959 and is open for tours April through October for a fee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Work on the estate began in 1903, when John Shaffer Phipps promised his British fiancée, Margarita, he would build her a home in the United States that resembled her family estate in Battle Abbey. The estate was ready for Phipps, his wife, and their children in 1906.</p><br>
<p>Westbury House, the Charles II-style mansion designed by George A. Crawley, contains 23 rooms. The grounds cover 160 acre.</p><br>
<p>The painting Mrs. Henry Phipps and Her Grandson Winston Guest by John Singer Sargent hangs in the dining room. Winston Churchill was the child&#39;s godfather.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting hours</h2><br>
<p>It has been open to the public for tours since 1959. It is open to the public daily except Tuesdays from late April through October. An entrance fee is charged.</p><br>
<h2>In media</h2><br>
<p>Scenes of the driveway and some of the ground floor interiors were used in the 1970 film Love Story to depict the family home of Oliver Barrett IV, played by Ryan O&#39;Neal.</p><br>
<p>Other movies filmed on the grounds include North by Northwest, The Age of Innocence, The Manchurian Candidate (2004), Wolf, Hitch, Cruel Intentions, 8MM, Bernard and Doris, American Gangster, and To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar. Scenes from the television series Royal Pains and Gossip Girl also used the location in filming.</p><br>
<p>It served as the inspiration for the Buchanan Estate featured in Baz Luhrmann&#39;s 2013 film adaption of The Great Gatsby by his wife and production designer Catherine Martin.</p><br>
<p>Chapel Carn Brea is an elevated Hercynian granite outcrop, owned by the National Trust at the southern edge of the civil parish of St Just, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hill is 5 km south of St Just and 3.5 km east of Sennen Cove, and just to the north of the A30 London to Land&#39;s End road, which runs through the village of Crows-an-Wra. It should not be confused with another Carn Brea, the hill overlooking the Camborne–Redruth area.</p><br>
<p>Chapel Carn Brea is often described as the first hill in Cornwall (from a westerly perspective) and rises 198 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hill is an important historical site showing evidence of neolithic and early Bronze Age activity, as well as the remains of the thirteenth century chapel from which it is named. On the slopes and summit there was once eleven barrows, but only seven now remain, mostly in a poor state. To the west of the summit is an early neolithic long cairn with dimensions of 11 m long and built within a natural granite outcrop which extends it length by 26 m.</p><br>
<p>On the summit is a 9 m diameter entrance grave (also known as chambered cairn) which had a south-facing entrance and was built in the late neolithic. The chamber was 2.7 m long, 1.1 m wide and 1.2 m high. This type of cairn is unique to west Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, and consist of a long narrow chamber covered with large slabs and surrounded with a kerb of large stones; they are thought to be communial burial places. The entrance grave was later covered by a large cairn 4.6 m high and 19 m across with three concentric retaining walls and a secondary cist. The chapel, which was built on top of the cairn, was pulled down in 1816 and was said to be the home of holy men or monks. A manuscript from 1396 kept at the County Records Office, Truro records the ′beaconage′ received from fishermen for the burning an ′ecclesiastical light′, normally a brazier or fire basket at the ″Chapel of St Michael of Bree″. This is the earliest record of a navigational light in Cornwall. In 1868 and 1879 William Copeland Borlase excavated the site and built a new cairn which was destroyed by the building of a Second World War radar observation post, which was manned by the Royal Air Force. A plaque, near the car park is dedicated to those that served there.</p><br>
<p>The Old Cornwall Society continues to light a beacon fire for the summer solstice on 23 June each year.</p><br>
<p>Building 800–Austin Hall is located in Montgomery, Alabama on the grounds of Maxwell Air Force Base.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On January 25, 1930, President Herbert Hoover asked Congress to re-appropriate an additional $100,000 for the main school building for the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field. President Hoover’s policy was to speed public works to offset unemployment. In February 1930 Congressman J. Lister Hill&#39;s resolution was passed in the House of Representatives, to add 80 acre to Maxwell Field for expansion purposes. The bill carried an item for $100,000 for construction of a tactical school building with a total sum available of $136,000. The actual cost of the building ended up being $132,034.14.</p><br>
<h3>The construction of Austin Hall</h3><br>
<p>George B. Ford and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. designed the overall layout of Maxwell for the Army Quartermaster Corps. Ford, an architect-trained city planner who had served as an adviser to the Army in the 1920s on all of its base construction projects, and had final approval of all post development plans between 1926 and 1930, used an approach that clustered similar functions together. This technique provided plenty of open space and gave each cluster a distinct appearance. Construction plans were approved by Chief of the Air Corps Maj. Gen. James Fechet and Congressman Hill for a school house of approximately 29,500 ft2 constructed of hollow tile and stucco, tile roof and walls with a white stucco finish. The expected operational date of the building was July 1931.</p><br>
<p>On September 15, 1930, Congressman Hill broke ground for the project. Rain forced abandonment of the outdoor ceremonies that were intended to mark the start of the project. Congressman Hill along with other national and local area dignitaries and post commander Major Weaver hurriedly transferred the ceremonies to the Maxwell Field officer’s club. Congressman Hill, the principal speaker, announced at the ceremony that the project was to be completed in 300 days at an approximate cost of $119,273. Hill also announced that for the tactical school program there was $1,903,400 available of which $1,703,400 was to be spent on buildings. The remaining $200,000 was to be used for the appropriation of additional land. Hill added that he expected an additional $375,000 more for buildings with another $1,300,200 to be added soon afterward.</p><br>
<p>Algernon Blair is credited for being the architect and A.C. Samford was the contractor for the construction project. There were complaints about using imported labor; on April 4, 1931, Captain M. A. McFadden who was in charge of construction said at a local Rotary Club meeting that ninety percent of the labor employed in the construction was local labor. Montgomery area residents were understandably protective of all employment opportunities during this time period; the payroll of workers at Maxwell Field exceeded $2,000 daily.</p><br>
<h3>Austin Hall opens</h3><br>
<p>By August 28, 1931, sixty-four officers with spouses and other family members started to arrive at Maxwell Field in preparation of the grand opening of the school house. The school house was built in the Renaissance Revival style of architecture. Elements of this style were borrowed from fifteenth century Italian Renaissance merchant palaces and public buildings. The school house’s hipped roof, corner quoins, and classical entrance gave the feeling of both formality and elegance.</p><br>
<p>On September 4, 1931, the school house (Building 800) was formally dedicated in honor of First Lieutenant Charles B. Austin. Austin was an instructor at the Air Corps Tactical School when the school was at Langley Field. Lieutenant Austin was born in Vermillion Grove, Illinois, on January 7, 1891. Austin had graduated from DePauw University in 1913. He was scholastically outstanding to the point where he was selected for a membership in Phi Beta Kappa. On October 11, 1917 he enlisted as a flying cadet and attended ground school as a cadet at the University of Illinois. He received his flight training at Rich and Ellington Fields in Houston, Texas. On March 30, 1918, Austin received his commission in the aviation section of the Signal Officers Reserve Corps and was promoted to first lieutenant in the regular army July 1, 1920. Austin served in England, Mitchel Field, New York, France Field, the Panama Canal Zone and Langley Field. First Lieutenant Austin served with distinction at Langley Field as an instructor at the Air Corps Tactical School and received a letter of commendation for his efforts. On July 27, 1928, Lieutenant Austin died following illness and a subsequent operation. Major John F. Curry, commandant of the Air Corps Tactical School, thought all personnel associated with the school would profit by the example Austin set.</p><br>
<h3>Maxwell's continuous growth</h3><br>
<p>On July 16, 1933, Congressman Lister Hill secured approval from the War Department for $1,650,075 for immediate spending at Maxwell Field. Hill’s request was justified by increased enrollment at the Air Corps Tactical School and the desperate need for employment for the local Montgomery population. At the start of October 1933 bids opened for four construction projects that were to start immediately (1933-1934 construction at Maxwell Field employed an average of 500 plus workers). The contract for the addition to Austin Hall was the last to be resolved. Bidding opened for the contract to construct Austin Hall on January 16, 1934. On January 18, it was announced that the Algernon Blair Company of Montgomery had received the contract. Construction started on the project after the Air Corps Tactical School 1933-34 session closed in June. Blair made all of his company assets available to ensure the project was finished by the fall.</p><br>
<p>On September 5, Austin Hall was officially turned over to the Army Air Corps by the Algernon Blair Company; even though some areas of the building had been in use since August 31. The addition more than doubled the size of the original building to 60,640 ft&sup2;. The final cost for the construction for the additions to the south and front ends of the original structure was $107,627. Because of the additions to Austin Hall it would not only include classrooms but also be the new staff headquarters for the ACTS. The additions included executive offices, classrooms and assembly halls; a library was located in the extreme southern tip of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Modern-day Austin Hall</h2><br>
<p>As of July 8, 1940, Austin Hall was home to the headquarters of the Southeast Air Corps Training Center. The Southeast Air Corps Training Center was responsible for all pilot, navigator and bombardier training in the southeast. At one time during World War II the headquarters in Austin Hall controlled 30 plus major installations and 23 war service training organizations. Command jurisdiction for the Southeast Air Corps Training Center extended from Maine to Florida and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River valley. By the end of World War II more than 100,000 aviation cadets had received training from the Southeast Air Corps Training Center.</p><br>
<h3>Historical status</h3><br>
<p>On April 2, 1988, Austin Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. The period of significance for the placement of Austin Hall on the register was 1925–1949. The historical significance of Austin Hall’s placement on the register was the movement of the ACTS as well as Austin Hall’s rich history through 1949. Moreover, the Algernon Blair Company and Samford Brother&#39;s Inc. involvement for Architecture/Engineering are noted for their significant effort.</p><br>
<p>The Bow Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. The range is named in associated with the Bow River and was officially adopted on March 31, 1917 by the Geographic Board of Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is a part of the Banff-Lake Louise Core Area of the Southern Continental Ranges, located on the Continental Divide, west of the Bow River valley, in Banff National Park and Kootenay National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Bow Range covers a surface area of 717 km² (277 mi²), has a length of 34 km (from north to south) and a maximum width of 43 km. The highest peak is Mount Temple, with an elevation of 3,543 m. The range also covers the Valley of the Ten Peaks, with the tallest of the ten being Deltaform mountain with an elevation of 3424 metres and the second highest being Mount Hungabee at 3493 metres. The range also has hiking areas such as the Consolation Lakes, Sentinel Pass-Larch Valley, Wenkchenma Pass-Eiffel Lake, the beehive plain of the Six Glaciers system and Saddle Back Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks and mountains</h2><br>
<p>High Rock Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is a part of the Southern Continental Ranges and is located on the Continental Divide, north of the Crowsnest Pass and south of the Highwood Pass. It lies partly within Kananaskis Country.</p><br>
<p>Misty Range and Greenhills Range are subdivisions of the High Rock.</p><br>
<p>The High Rock Range covers a surface of 2,172 km² (838 mi²), has a length of 117 km (from north to south) and a width of 37 km.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks and mountains</h2><br>
<p>Mount Rae - 3,218 m</p><br>
<p>Mist Mountain - 3,140 m</p><br>
<p>Tornado Mountain - 3,099 m</p><br>
<p>Courcelette Peak - 3,044 m</p><br>
<p>Mount Lyall - 2,951 m</p><br>
<p>Beehive Mountain - 2,895 m</p><br>
<p>Mount Armstrong - 2,793 m</p><br>
<p>Mount Muir - 2,758 m</p><br>
<p>Allison Peak - 2,646 m</p><br>
<p>The South Jasper Ranges are mountain ranges of the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is a part of the Central Main Ranges of the Canadian Rockies, located on the Continental Divide, in Jasper National Park (Alberta) and Mount Robson Provincial Park (British Columbia). It contains the Meadow-Clairvaux, Fraser-Rampart, Trident Range and, most prominently, the Cavell Group of mountains and the headwaters of the Athabasca and Fraser River.</p><br>
<p>The South Jasper Ranges covers a surface of 1,196 km² (462 mi²), has a length of 39 km (from north to south) and a width of 49 km.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks and mountains</h2><br>
<p>Mount Edith Cavell - 3,363 m</p><br>
<p>Simon Peak - 3,313 m</p><br>
<p>Throne Mountain - 3,120 m</p><br>
<p>Blackhorn Peak - 3,000 m</p><br>
<p>Chevron Mountain - 2,879 m</p><br>
<p>Tonquin Hill - 2,398 m</p><br>
<p>The Boston House  is a historic building in downtown Fort Pierce, Florida. It is located at 239 South Indian River Drive . On April 11, 1985, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. It is recognized for its unique mixture of Neo-classical and Georgian architecture. It is also recognized for its part in local history. On April 18, 2012, the AIA&#39;s Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places as Cresthaven/Boston House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, William T. Jones, who later became the third Sheriff of St. Lucie County, worked as an engineer for Henry Flagler on the Florida East Coast Railway. Jones suffered an injury in a railroad accident and received a settlement for his injury. With his settlement he built Cresthaven which is known today as The Boston House. Historical records show the cost of building the house was $6,000 and it wasn&#39;t completed until 1909. Some of the materials used to build the house were brought to Fort Pierce from Georgia by the FEC Railroad as Jones was a personal friend of Henry Flagler. Jones lost the house during the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The McCarty family, whose most famous member was Dan McCarty, the thirty-first governor of Florida, bought the house in 1949, but didnt live in it. They preferred to stay across Boston Avenue in the family home built in 1905. That house was later known as The Governors House until its demolition. The Boston House (Cresthaven) was restored in 1984&ndash;85 and is now a law firms office. There are many myths surrounding the houses history.</p><br>
<p>The Jules Frere House is a historic house located at 2404 Sunrise Boulevard in Fort Pierce, Florida. It is locally significant as one of the best examples of the Spanish Colonial Revival style in Fort Pierce, maintaining its original qualities exceptionally well.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The front of the 1-1/2 story house is situated facing west and is dominated by a projecting gabled wing that, leading into a striking series of leaded stained glass French doors, set in arched windows and other accents, leading to a shallow balcony with a wrought-iron bannister on its perimeter. The rear elevation is comparatively plain, characterized by a low-pitched V-shaped roof. A rear door and stoop are located at the south end of this elevation. A projecting window-box has replaced an original window adjacent to the door. The remaining window on this elevation is a paired casement window</p><br>
<p>Completed in 1931, the house was designed and constructed by local merchant Jules Frere as his residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The St. Lucie High School  is a historic school in Fort Pierce, Florida. It is located at 1100 Delaware Avenue. On January 26, 1984, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. The building was first called Fort Pierce High School. For many years it had been the only high school between Stuart and Melbourne. Originally designed by W.B. Camp, at one point it had been "the most magnificent, the most modernly planned and the most architecturally beautiful public school building in Florida." As the school grew, architects such as William Hatcher and Laurence Funke made additions in 1926 closely following the original construction.</p><br>
<p>The building now houses the Fort Pierce Magnet School of the Arts, which offers an interdisciplinary curriculum that features music, art, dance and drama for elementary and middle school students.</p><br>
<p>The Zora Neale Hurston House was the home of author Zora Neale Hurston in Fort Pierce, Florida. It was originally located at 1734 School Court but was moved north 500 feet in 1995 to 1734 Avenue L to allow for expansion of Lincoln Park Academy, the school at which Hurston taught. On December 4, 1991, it was designated as a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The house was in a development of new rental houses built by Dr. C.C. Benton, a medical doctor, who had sold 10 nearby acres for construction of "a new negro high school" nearby.</p><br>
<p>The house is a stop on the Zora Neale Hurston Dust Tracks Heritage Trail. Other stops on the trail include the Zora Neale Hurston Branch Library, a "Zora Exhibit" at the Agape Senior Recreation Center (formerly the St. Lucie County Welfare Home, where Hurston died in 1960), and the Garden of Heavenly Rest Cemetery where she is buried.</p><br>
<p>Heart Peaks, originally known as the Heart Mountains, is a mountain massif in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. It is located 90 km northwest of the small community of Telegraph Creek and just southwest of Callison Ranch. With a maximum elevation of, it rises above the surrounding landscape on the Nahlin Plateau, which is part of the western Stikine Plateau. Heart Peaks has been an area of prospecting since the 1980s with the discovery of precious metals.</p><br>
<p>Situated in a large area of volcanic activity, Heart Peaks consists of a large shield volcano. It was formed in the past 23 million years by repeated eruptions of lava and rock. However, present day eruptions have not been observed. A number of related volcanoes are adjacent to Heart Peaks and form an extensive volcanic zone over long. The knowledge of Heart Peaks is limited, especially its eruptive history.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<h3>Setting</h3><br>
<p>Heart Peaks is part of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, a long volcanic chain extending from just north of the city of Prince Rupert in British Columbia through Yukon to the Alaska border. Along this line, the North American Plate has been rupturing. Earth&#39;s lithosphere consists of several large tectonic plates, which slowly move towards and away from one another, either converging and subducting or diverging and rifting; volcanoes and earthquakes are generated by these activities. The west coast of North America is the site of plate margins between the large Pacific and North American plates, and also between the smaller Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates.</p><br>
<p>Tectonic activity along the North Coast of British Columbia and Southeast Alaska is characterized by transform movements of the Queen Charlotte Fault, a plate boundary where the Pacific Plate skids by the North American Plate. As the Pacific Plate moves northward to the Aleutian subduction zone, it generates rifting in the North American continent. Magma rises along cracks created by the rifting, and eventually erupts on the surface to form a volcano. This geological process has, over time, created the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, which is the most volcanically active area in Canada. However, most of the volcanoes have not been directly dated or have not been dated in sufficient detail to recognize how active they are, making the prediction of volcanic events difficult and volcanic hazards uncertain.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The nearly oval-shaped Heart Peaks shield volcano is made of basalt and trachybasalt with a composite thickness up to; pyroclastic rocks are also present. It lies just west of the much larger Level Mountain shield and southwest of the Kawdy volcanoes. A series of steep-sided lava domes composed of porphyritic rhyolite and minor trachyte are situated on the western flank of Heart Peaks and display colours such as light green and pink. Rhyolitic lava domes are also present on its summit. The shield is surrounded by tributaries of the Inkin River, which flows northwest into the Taku River.</p><br>
<p>Heart Peaks is at least long and no more than wide at its base. The west and east flanks of the volcano are dissected, giving it a rugged appearance. However, its north flank is rounded and relatively smooth while its south flank is rather pointed. The highest elevation of Heart Peaks is at a small peak roughly in the middle of its summit plateau while the regional elevation of the Nahlin Plateau is. This indicates that Heart Peaks has a topographic prominence of at least. More than 20 unnamed creeks flow from the volcano, which drain into the nearby Dudidontu and Sheslay rivers.</p><br>
<p>With an area of about and a volume of less than, Heart Peaks is the third-largest volcano in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, exceeded by the Mount Edziza and Level Mountain shields, which cover more than. Heart Peaks is over five times larger than Mount Meager in southwestern British Columbia, the largest stratovolcano by volume in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt.</p><br>
<p>The area surrounding Heart Peaks is largely undeveloped, with Callison Ranch being the only locality. Vegetation at the volcano is present mainly on its flanks as its broad summit consists of a rocky plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive history</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Little is known about the eruptive history of Heart Peaks because it has not been studied in detail by scientists. The exact age of Heart Peaks is not known, but its first volcanic phase occurred during the Neogene period (between 23 and 2.5 million years ago). The variety of volcanic deposits at Heart Peaks indicates that it has a history of producing not only fluid and passive basaltic lava flows, but also more silica-rich trachyte and rhyolitic lavas and explosive eruptions. Phreatic breccias are found at the volcano, providing evidence that phreatic eruptions have occurred at least once throughout its eruptive history. Features created by subglacial eruptions are also present. The latest volcanic phase at Heart Peaks is largely Pleistocene (between 2.5 million and 10,000 years ago) in age and late-stage Holocene (10,000 years ago to present) activity is uncertain. This is partly because it is unknown whether Holocene volcanic rocks exist at the volcano. Nevertheless, the last eruption at Heart Peaks is unknown.</p><br>
<h3>Finlay tephras</h3><br>
<p>Heart Peaks is one of the four volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province suggested to have erupted the Finlay tephras. These are situated throughout northwestern British Columbia and likely extend east into the Canadian Rockies. In the Finlay River and Dease Lake areas, two tephra deposits are situated between sand, silt, mud and gravel. They are both phonolitic to trachytic in composition and high in iron(II) oxide, indicating that the tephras were possibly erupted from a single volcano. Regional plant macrofossils immediately overlying the youngest Finlay tephra deposit are 8960 ± 80 and 9180 ± 80 radiocarbon years old. This indicates that the Finlay tephras are Early Holocene in age and were deposited shortly after the regional Fraser Glaciation retreated.</p><br>
<p>The Finlay tephras are largely composed of elements most similar to those of Hoodoo Mountain, a flat-topped volcano that formed subglacially at least 100,000 years ago. Two phonolitic lava flows on its south flank were erupted between 10,000 and 9,000 years ago and remain unglaciated. They have a similar chemistry to the glass composition of the Finlay tephras. However, no tephras or pyroclastic rocks have been found at Hoodoo Mountain that were erupted the same time as these lava flows. Therefore, other possible sources have been proposed. At the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, basalts of probable Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene age have been found, but their exact ages and chemical compositions are not well known. Because Heart Peaks and nearby Level Mountain have been poorly studied and it is unknown if they contain Holocene age volcanic rocks, they are also possible sources for the Finlay tephras.</p><br>
<h2>Human history</h2><br>
<h3>Naming</h3><br>
<p>The name Heart Mountains was adopted in the BC Gazetteer of 1930 with coordinates placing the massif at 58&deg;38&prime;N latitude, 131&deg;57&prime;W longitude. Subsequently, it was renamed to Heart Peaks on May 6, 1947 and coordinates improved to 58&deg;36&prime;N latitude, 132&deg;00&prime;W longitude. The name origins are unknown as they have not been recorded. A number of other mountain features in British Columbia also had their name changed in 1947, such as the Rainbow Range, which was originally named Rainbow Mountains. The name Heart Peaks officially refers to two small peaks situated on top of the shield volcano, located at 58&deg;35&prime;56&Prime;N latitude, 131&deg;57&prime;48&Prime;W longitude. Because the shield volcano consists of a single landmass and the name Heart Peaks was officially given for two peaks on its summit, it is sometimes known as Heart Peak to avoid confusion. Heart Peaks is also known as HP in scientific documents and on geologic maps.</p><br>
<h3>Mineral explorations</h3><br>
<p>The western flank of Heart Peaks has been an area of mineral exploration since 1980. A series of gold-bearing quartz veins were discovered in 1980 within a zone of argillic alteration covering an area of more than. In 1982, a number of geochemical soil surveys were carried out, as well as insufficient hand trenching and scree and rock sampling. In 1983, very low frequency electromagnetic surveys completed of surveying in the area. Exploration diamond drilling in 1984 resulted in the creation of eight widely spaced drill holes while an undocumented diamond drill program created two holes in 1987. Explorations did not resume until 1996 when the United States Diamond Corporation carried out heavy mineral silt sampling and a test induced polarization survey; two diamond drill holes were also created. All of these mineral explorations took place in the Heart Peaks property, which covers an area of. It consists of seven mineral claims entirely owned by Colorado Resources Ltd. A north trending graben structure long and wide intersects the property.</p><br>
<h3>Monitoring</h3><br>
<p>Like other volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, Heart Peaks is not monitored closely enough by the Geological Survey of Canada to ascertain how active its magma system is. This is partly because it is located in a remote region and no major eruptions have taken place in Canada in the past few hundred years. As a result, volcano monitoring is less important than dealing with other natural processes, including tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides. No recent earthquakes are known to have occurred at Heart Peaks. If it were to erupt there would likely be weeks, months or years of warning signs, such as clusters of minor earthquakes that would likely originate less than below the surface. They are generally too small to be felt by people, but the existing network of seismographs has been established to monitor tectonic earthquakes. However, the seismograph network is too far away to provide a good indication of what is happening under the mountain. It may sense an increase in seismic activity if the volcano becomes very restless, but this may only provide a warning for a significant eruption. It might detect activity only once the volcano has started erupting.</p><br>
<p>Mount Silverthrone, officially named Silverthrone Mountain, is a mountain in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada, located over 320 km northwest of the city of Vancouver and about 50 km west of Mount Waddington, British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest peak in the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield, which is the largest icefield in the Coast Mountains south of the Alaska Panhandle.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Silverthrone is an eroded lava dome on the northeast edge of a large caldera complex called the Silverthrone Caldera. It lies within the Coast Plutonic Complex, which is the single largest contiguous granite outcropping in the world. The plutonic and metamorphic rocks extend approximately 1,800 kilometers on the coast of British Columbia, southwestern Yukon and southeastern Alaska. In addition, Garibaldi, Meager, Cayley and Silverthrone areas are of recent volcanic origin. The volcanic terrain in the Silverthrone area is very similar to the Mount Meager volcanic complex further south. However, there is much more ice.</p><br>
<p>Mount Silverthrone is perhaps one of the most heavily glaciated volcanic peaks in southwestern British Columbia. It has a topographic prominence of approximately 975 m, greater than any other volcano in southwestern British Columbia. The extensive icefields around Mount Silverthrone are receding and are small compared to their former extent, but they are an impressive indication of how much of British Columbia looked 10,000 years or more ago. Silverthrone contains one of the few calderas buried beneath the ice caps of western Canada, another example being Mount Edziza in far northwestern British Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>Skiing and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The first mountaineering visit at Mount Silverthrone was by the famous pioneering climbing group of Don and Phyllis Munday in 1936 by walking up the Klinaklini Glacier from the head of Knight Inlet. Because Silverthrone is heavily glaciated, Don Munday called the mountain "home of the snows".</p><br>
<p>Skiing on Mount Silverthrone includes skiing on the largest ice field in the southern Coast Mountains, the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield. It is skiable over 1,500 m, possibly over 2,700 m down to the Pacific Ocean. The easiest access to Mount Silverthrone is by air travel, starting from the rural community of Tatla Lake, landing on the major part of the Ha-Iltzuk Icefield. Air travels can also be made into logging camps at Owikeno Lake to the west or at the start of Knight Inlet to the southwest, followed by long hiking and skiing methods.</p><br>
<p>Cessford Burn is a small stream which eventually runs to meet the Kale Water and then joins the River Teviot, finally entering the River Tweed at Kelso, Scotland.</p><br>
<p>A site at Cessford Burn has the remains of an ancient farmstead attached to Cessford Castle in the historic county of Roxburghshire (now an administrative area of Scottish Borders Region), between Kelso and Morebattle, in the parish of Eckford. The extant foundations stones of the dwellings, which can be seen to this day, are situated on the north bank of the Cessford Burn. Seven shiels, or thatched cottages, once housed the families of the farm steward, the shepherd and the ploughman. The farmstead was burned to the ground by the English many times, including the border campaign of the Earl of Surrey in May, 1523 and again by the Earl of Hertford in 1545, and during the Rough Wooing of Mary, Queen of Scots, by Henry VIII of England.</p><br>
<p>The families living in these shiels were in the service of the Kers of Cessford, latterly the Dukes of Roxburghe, who was granted by Royal Charters of both James I of Scotland and James II of Scotland, to hold these lands of the Crown. This encompassed Cessford (or Kerr) Castle, the dwellings at Cessford Burn, and the castleton of Cessford, lying just outside the north gate to the castle. Cessford Castle, in ruins today, stands upon the ridge opposite Cessford Burn on the south bank. The castleton is no longer extant, but aerial photographs and Matthew Stobie&#39;s 1770 map of Roxburghshire show that the village lay hard by the castle to the northwest on the Morebattle road; about 140 souls lived in Cessford village during those times.</p><br>
<p>Along the quiet, green banks of Cessford Burn is Habbie Kerr&#39;s cave, where local citizens had sought safety and shelter since the fifth century CE. Just south of Cessford Castle, there once stood an ancient ash tree known as the "Crow Tree", where summary Jeddart Justice was carried out.</p><br>
<p>A branch of the old Border family Nisbet were shepherds in Cessford Burn from about 1665 until they emigrated to Canada and New York in 1822, due to the farm consolidations of the late 18th century on the Scottish Borders. Also see Nisbet, Roxburghshire.</p><br>
<p>Pulau Ujong , also known as Singapore Island or Mainland Singapore, is the main constituent island of Singapore. It is part of the Malay Archipelago and is located at the tip of Peninsular Malaysia. The island forms the majority of the country in terms of area and population as citizens are unable to reside in smaller islands of Singapore. With a population of 5,469,700 and an area of 710 square kilometres, Pulau Ujong is the 21st most populous island in the world and the 31st most densely populated island in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Pulau Ujong was the earliest reference to Singapore Island. The 3rd-century Chinese reference to Po Lo Chung (蒲羅中) corresponds to the Malay reference known as Pulau Ujong. Travellers from the Straits of Malacca to the South China Sea would have to pass through the island, hence the name Pulau Ujong. Like Johors old name, Ujong Tanah meaning "Lands End", the island was known better by the Orang laut as Pulau Ujong literally meaning "End Island". Ujong Tanah or its variants were also used in European sources as a name for Singapore.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>According to a third-century book Record of Foreign countries during the Eastern Wu Period (吴时外国传), Pu Luo Jong (Pulao Ujong) was inhabited by cannibals with five to six inch tails.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island measures 50 kilometres (31 mi) from east to west and 26 kilometres (16 mi) from north to south with 193 kilometres (120 mi) of coastline. The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, with a height of 165 m (538 ft) and made up of igneous rock, granite. Hills and valleys of sedimentary rock dominate the northwest, while the eastern region consists of sandy and flatter land. Since 1822, there were land reclamation works by British, who at that time controlled the island and the government of Singapore has continued to increase the size of the island after independence, which increased the area of the island from 580 km² in the 1960s to 710 km² today.</p><br>
<h3>Extreme points</h3><br>
<p>The northernmost end of the island is Sembawang. The westernmost and southernmost points are located at Tuas. The easternmost point of the island is Changi Bay.</p><br>
<p>Crowsnest Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia, Canada.</p><br>
<p>The range is located south of the Crowsnest Pass, which separates it from the High Rock Range. It is part of the Southern Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. Sub-ranges include, from north to south, Lizard Range, Taylor Range, Flathead Range and Blairmore Range.</p><br>
<p>The Crowsnest Range covers a surface of 2,694 km² (1,040 mi²), has a length of 64 km (from north to south) and a width of 104 km. The highest peak is Mount Ptolemy, with an elevation of 2,812 m.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks and Mountains</h2><br>
<p>Mount Ptolemy - 2,812 m</p><br>
<p>Crowsnest Mountain - 2,785 m</p><br>
<p>Seven Sisters Mountain - 2,591 m</p><br>
<p>Myrina  is a former municipality on the island of Lemnos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lemnos, of which it is a municipal unit. It covers the west coast of the island, and has a land area of 82.049 km², about 17.2% of the islands area. Its municipal seat was the town of Mýrina , located in the middle of the islands west coast. The town is also the capital of Lemnos, as well as the seat of the Metropolitan  of Lemnos. In addition to the town of Myrina, the municipal unit includes the communities of Káspakas , Platý , Thános , and Kornós . The 2011 census recorded 5,711 residents in the town and 8,006 residents in the municipal unit.</p><br>
<p>According to Herodotus, when the Chersonese on the Hellespont came under Athens&#39; rule, Miltiades the son of Cimon came from Elaeus on the Chersonese to Lemnos where he proclaimed the Pelasgians must submit. The Hephaestians obeyed, giving up their city Hefaestia, but the Myrinaeans from the city Myrina would not be as easily pursued until they too submitted to Athens, thus given control of the island to Miltiades and the Athenians. (Herodotus: The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited February 2004 from The Perseus Project)</p><br>
<p>The municipal unit&#39;s economically active population in 2001 was 3,007. Of them, 14.5% were employers, 12% self-employed, 65.4% wage-earners, 4.1% unpaid, auxiliary family members, and 4% did not declare line of occupation. Of the economically active population, 6.7% worked in agriculture, 4% in light manufacturing, 12.3% in construction, 8.5% in hotels & restaurants, and the rest in other lines of business (source: 2001 Census, National Statistical Service of Greece).</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate in Lemnos is mainly Mediterranean. Winters are generally mild, but there will be a snowfall occasionally. Strong winds are a feature of the island, especially in August and in winter time, hence its nickname "the wind-ridden one" (in Greek, Ανεμόεσσα). The temperature is typically 2 to 5 degrees Celsius less than in Athens, especially in summertime.</p><br>
<h2>The town of Myrina</h2><br>
<p>Modern day Myrina is built upon a shallow bay split into two by a promontory jutting out to sea and carrying the ruins of a Venetian castle. To the north of the promontory lies the so-called Roman Shore (in Greek, Ρωμέϊκος ΄Γιαλός), along which the Greek community had their homes during Ottoman times (prior to 1913, when Greek admiral Kountouriotis defeated the Turks and annexed Lemnos and Myrina to Greece). The name "Roman" dates to the Byzantine Empire, when Greeks were called Romans (Ρωμιοί). To the south of the promontory lies the Turkish Shore (in Greek, Τούρκικος ΄Γιαλός), along which the Turkish community similarly had their homes, before the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 the town had 3,022 regular dwellings, of which 30.4% were stone-built, and 75.6% had pitched roofs made of red tiles (source: 18.3.2001 Census, National Statistical Service of Greece).</p><br>
<h2>Town quarters</h2><br>
<p>Behind the fronts of the two Shores, the town is divided into 4 parts: the old town core (encompassing the aforementioned Shores), referred to as Kastro (after the Castle atop the promontory); Androni, to the north (where the women of prehistoric Lemnos are said to have drugged their men before tossing them from the cliff of Petasos (the north horn of the bay of Myrina)); Tchas (most probably from the Russian word часовой, which means sentinel, sentry, or guard, because there was a Russian garrison stationed there for a short time at the end of the 18th century; less probably from the Russian word час, which means hour), just behind the harbour area; and Nea Madetos, a new (post-1980) settlement of workers´and fishermen&#39;s houses on the hill overlooking the Turkish shore from the south. The heart of the town is the market street, running north to south, and joining the Roman Shore to the Turkish Shore. Other landmarks are the OTE (Hellenic Telecoms Organisation) square, also called the bank square because it is the hub of all bank branches of the island, halfway along the market street, and the Perivola square, behind the Roman Shore, where the Lemnos bus station is (providing bus service from Myrina to the villages and back). The Town Hall building is located in the harbour, near the Port Authority building. Myrina also boasts a good provincial hospital, in the Tchas quarter, while presently is in the process of modernising its sewage system.</p><br>
<h2>Town features</h2><br>
<p>Many of the towns streets are stone-paved alleys. The Roman Shore in particular is quite beautiful, aligned as it is with stone-built houses of neoclassical design (built from the mid-19th to the early 20th century), where the islands rich Greeks lived (many of the houses are still occupied by the descendants of those Greeks, most of whom made their fortunes as businessmen in British Egypt, part of the Greek diaspora there). The archaeological museum displays numerous exhibits from the island&#39;s remote (mostly prehistoric) past. With its clean, long, and sandy beaches, and its own Castle to boot, Myrina is a tourist attraction. Visitors and locals like bathing in the Roman Shore (or the Shallow Waters (in Greek, Ρηχά Νερά) beach, adjacent to the Roman Shore on the north), and having dinner at one of the fish taverns circling the traditional harbour in the Turkish Shore, enjoying the caiques there and a view of the castle at night. During the summer Myrina holds various outside theatrical and musical events.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Ilias Iliou (1904–1985), politician</p><br>
<p>Rallis Kopsidis (1929-2010), painter and writer</p><br>
<p>The Chamberlin is a retirement community and historic hotel in Hampton, Virginia, overlooking Hampton Roads at Old Point Comfort. It was formerly known as the Chamberlin Hotel. The nine-story building sits on historic Fort Monroe and overlooks Fort Wool. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it has been renovated from its former life as a hotel into a luxury retirement community for people aged 55 and up.</p><br>
<p>The second floor has retained the hotel atmosphere while the rest of the floors have been renovated and turned into one- and two-bedroom apartments. A few apartments are used as guest quarters for visiting relatives of residents.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built in 1928 under the direction of Marcellus E. Wright Sr., with Warren and Wetmore consulting. It replaced an earlier hotel designed by Washington, D.C., architects John L. Smithmeyer and Paul J. Pelz and completed in 1896, which had in turn replaced the Hygeia. The building originally had two large cupolas on its roof but these were removed during World War II because they were visible from out in the ocean beyond the Virginia Capes and it was feared that they could potentially aid a hostile German warship cruising offshore in targeting Fort Monroe. They were never replaced after the war.</p><br>
<p>Geva Theatre Center is a regional professional theater company based in Rochester, New York. Founded in 1972, it is ranked with similar companies, including those of Buffalo and Syracuse. Geva has two stages inside the former Naval Armory-Convention Hall, an 1868 building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was extensively renovated and redesigned in 1985 for use as a theater, with the second stage added in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1868 the Naval Armory and Convention Hall was constructed in Rochester. The Convention Hall was used for years and attracted high-quality touring productions and international performers to northern New York state, including opera singer Enrico Caruso and prima ballerina Anna Pavlova. It was also used for political conventions, but by the late 20th century was vacant.</p><br>
<p>It was extensively renovated in a $2.8 million project and adapted as a 552-seat theatre, opening in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1972, William Markham Selden and Cynthia Mason Selden, a British actress, residents of nearby Avon, co-founded GeVa, an abbreviation for "Genesee Valley Arts Foundation" and its associated theatre company. Among its activities was organizing a theater company, whose first shows were short dramas produced at lunchtime in 1973 at the Rochester Business Institute (RBI). Programming expanded to full-length plays and it became known as a regional theatre company. Actors appearing at GeVa in the early years included Samuel L. Jackson (in A Raisin in the Sun), Scott Bakula, and Georgia Engel.</p><br>
<p>By 1982, GeVa had expanded to a "full-fledged company" ranked with those in Buffalo and Syracuse, and it needed an improved facility. Extensive renovations to the hall created a 552-seat theater (now the Mainstage).</p><br>
<p>The new theater opened in 1985 with a production of Planet Fires, a drama by Thomas Babe, a Rochester playwright. Featuring a newly freed black man and s Union deserter who have traveled North together, the play was set soon after the Civil War at a campground near Rochester. GeVa commissioned additional renovations, and the 180-seat Nextstage was installed within the building, opening in 1990. The Center has full seasons of programming, in addition to discussions based on plays and staged readings, and community outreach.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 the name of the company was changed to Geva Theatre Center, dropping the CamelCase formatting. In 2011 Geva Theatre Center hosted the 2011 American Association of Community Theatre Festival.</p><br>
<p>Theatre Spaces</p><br>
<p>516-Seat Elaine P. Wilson Stage</p><br>
<p>180-Seat Ron & Donna Fielding Stage</p><br>
<p>World Premieres</p><br>
<p>Five Course Love by Gregg Coffin (2004)</p><br>
<p>Splitting Infinity by Jamie Pachino (2006)</p><br>
<p>Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, adapted by Mark Cuddy and Marge Betley (2008)</p><br>
<p>The House in Hydesville by Dan O&#39;Brien (2009)</p><br>
<p>A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, adapted by Mark Cuddy, original music & lyrics by Gregg Coffin (2010)</p><br>
<p>Voices of the Spirits in My Soul by Nora Cole (2012)</p><br>
<p>The Book Club Play by Karen Zacarias (2013)</p><br>
<p>All Your Questions Answered by Greg Kotis (2013)</p><br>
<p>Tinker to Evers to Chance by Mat Smart (2014)</p><br>
<p>Informed Consent by Deborah Zoe Laufer (2014)</p><br>
<p>Katherine&#39;s Colored Lieutenant by Nora Cole (2014)</p><br>
<p>The Road to Where by Cass Morgan (2015)</p><br>
<p>Women in Jeopardy by Wendy MacLeod (2015)</p><br>
<p>Other Than Honorable by Jamie Pachino (2017)</p><br>
<p>The Agitators by Mat Smart (2017)</p><br>
<p>Heartland by Gabriel Jason Dean (2018)</p><br>
<h2>Theater building</h2><br>
<p>The Launch Complex 39 Press Site is a news media facility at Launch Complex 39 at the John F. Kennedy Space Center  on Merritt Island, Florida where journalists have observed every USA manned space launch since Apollo 8 in 1968. The site is just south of the Vehicle Assembly Building ; 3 miles  west-southwest of Pad A, and 3.4 miles  southwest of Pad B. launch seen from the LC-39 Press Site in July 2006</p><br>
<p>The site includes an elevated mound where news media facilities are located, as well as the KSC News Center and several smaller support buildings. The News Center is 8,700 ft&sup2; and contains 15 site support offices, media workspace, and a media library. Current media buildings include CBS, NBC, Florida Today and The Orlando Sentinel; and trailers for The Associated Press and Reuters.</p><br>
<p>The 100-seat auditorium in the audio-video support building, where pre- and post-launch news conferences are held, is named for former CNN correspondent John Holliman, who covered space exploration until his death in 1998. It was built in 1980.</p><br>
<p>A large illuminated digital countdown clock and a flagpole flying an American flag on the edge of the turning basin have often been included in television coverage and launch photos. Before a launch, the clock counts down, showing the remaining time until T-zero in hours, minutes and seconds (&ndash;00:00:00). After launch, the clock counts forward in Mission Elapsed Time for several hours. The flagpole also flew a smaller Space Shuttle Orbiter-specific flag below the American flag on launch day during the final years of the Space Shuttle Program.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was ready for coverage of the first launch from KSC, the unmanned Apollo 4 flight on November 9, 1967, for which NASA received 510 requests for news media accreditation. The sound of this first Saturn V liftoff was sufficiently powerful at the Press Site to prompt CBS-TV anchor Walter Cronkite to exclaim, "Our buildings shaking here...the floor is shaking...this big glass window is shaking, were holding it with our hands!" A ceiling tile or two were shaken loose above his head. launch in November 1969</p><br>
<p>During the Apollo program, the NASA news center was located in Cocoa Beach. To provide on-site public affairs offices, a Charter-Sphere dome from the Third Century America exhibition near the VAB during the United States Bicentennial in 1976 was later moved to the mound. In 1983, it was replaced by a larger dome; and a permanent building, the current KSC News Center, replaced that dome in December 1995.</p><br>
<p>During the first decade of Space Shuttle launches, NASA contractors provided reference materials to the media from the Joint Industry Press Center (JIPC, pronounced "gypsy"), housed in a semi-permanent trailer located near a large covered grandstand facing the two launch pads.</p><br>
<p>The grandstand, built in 1967, was torn down following damage from Hurricane Frances in September 2004. Several media trailers and buildings on the mound were also damaged, and were either removed or replaced with prefabricated structures.</p><br>
<p>On November 10, 2014, NASA powered on the clock for the last time for a final system test. The clock will be removed and replaced before the Orion EFT-1 Launch. The old clock is currently on display at the KSC Visitor Center.</p><br>
<h2>Media attendance</h2><br>
<p>The STS-1 launch on April 12, 1981 had 2,707 accredited representatives present. The second-largest number, 2,468, was for the STS-26 launch on September 29, 1988. Most, however, covered the launch from a more distant causeway viewing site because the LC-39 Press Site was restricted to a limited number of journalists as part of safety precautions implemented after the 1986 Challenger explosion. The restriction was dropped for subsequent launches. Media attendance spiked again in October 1998 for John Glenn&#39;s launch aboard STS-95, and for the final shuttle launch, STS-135, on July 8, 2011 when 1,585 news people attended.</p><br>
<h2>Historic status</h2><br>
<p>On July 16, 1974, a crowd gathered at the Press Site to dedicate the entire launch complex as a National Historic Site, which had been listed as of May 24, 1973. The countdown clock was set to reach zero at 9:32 a.m. ET, exactly five years after the Apollo 11 liftoff. Astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins then unveiled a plaque commemorating their flight. On January 21, 2000, the "LC-39 Press Site&ndash;Clock and Flag Pole" were specifically added to the USA National Register of Historic Places as part of a Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>Dowsborough Camp  is an Iron Age hill fort on the Quantock Hills near Nether Stowey in Somerset, England. It has been designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument . The fort and associated round barrow has been added to the Heritage at Risk register due to vulnerability to vehicle damage and erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Situation</h2><br>
<p>The site is at a height of 340 m on an easterly spur from the main Quantock ridge, with views north to the Bristol Channel, and east over the valley of the River Parrett.</p><br>
<p>The fort has an oval shape, with a single rampart and ditch (univallate) following the contours of the hill top, enclosing an area of 2.7 ha. The main entrance is to the east, towards Nether Stowey, with a simpler opening to the north-west, aligned with a ridgeway leading down to Holford. The Lady&#39;s Fountain springs are in the combe to the west. A col</p><br>
<p>to the south connects the hill to the main Stowey ridge, where a linear earthwork known as Dead Woman&#39;s Ditch cuts across the spur. This additional rampart would have provided an extra line of defence against attack from the main Quantock ridge to the west, and it could have been a tribal boundary.</p><br>
<h2>Saxon era</h2><br>
<p>In Saxon times, King Alfreds military road, the Herepath, ran up from Combwich, Cannington (a possible site of the Battle of Cynwit) and Over Stowey, along the present course of the Stowey road, across Dead Womans Ditch to Crowcombe Park Gate, south along the main ridge of the Quantocks to Triscombe Stone, then west across the valley to the Brendon Hills and Exmoor. The road connected a series of forts and lookout posts, which allowed Alfred&#39;s armies to move along the coast to cover Viking movements at sea and forestall any raids ashore. The path from Dowsborough to the Herepath is called Great Bear Path, and this is taken to be a corruption of Great Herepath, which suggests that Dowsborough could have been a Saxon lookout over the Bristol Channel.</p><br>
<p>Kissos  is a mountain village in the municipal unit of Mouresi, in the eastern part of Magnesia, Greece. It sits on the eastern slopes of the forested Pelion mountains, at about 500 meters elevation, 3 km from the Aegean Sea to the northeast. It is located 3 km west of Mouresi, 5 km southeast of Zagora and 17 km east of the city of Volos .</p><br>
<p>Kissos was the original home of Kyriazis Hadji-Kyriazis (b. 1817), founder of the dynasty of tobacco merchants and producers which eventually got to great prominence in Egypt as "Kyriazi freres".</p><br>
<p>The church of Agia Marina, which dates back to the 17th century, is located in Kissos. The church was built in 1650 during the Turkish occupation of Greece. The size of the church and the fact that it was built in the main square of the village suggest that the church was built with the permission of the Turks. The church is beautifully decorated inside with frescoes and wooden carved iconostases.</p><br>
<p>The village is also the site of the Ecclesiastic Museum of Aghia Marina.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Lake Trichonida  is the largest natural lake in Greece. It is situated in the eastern part of Aetolia-Acarnania, southeast of the city of Agrinio and northwest of Nafpaktos. It covers an area of 98.6 km&sup2; with a maximum length of 19 km and maximum depth of 58 m.</p><br>
<p>One million years ago the lake was much larger, and covered the central part of Aetolia-Acarnania, a part that is now a plain. The Panaitoliko mountains are situated to the north and northeast of the lake. The municipal units surrounding the lake are (from the east and clockwise) Thermo, Makryneia, Arakynthos, Thestieis, and Paravola. Around the lake, there are beautiful forests with maples, pines and other trees. The lake and its environs is home to more than 200 bird species. There are also farmland and various villages surrounding the area.</p><br>
<p>Fourpeaked Volcano is an active stratovolcano in Alaska. The Alaska Volcano Observatory rates Fourpeaked Volcano as Aviation Alert Level Green and Volcanic-alert Level Normal. It is nearly completely covered by Fourpeaked Glacier.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before to the eruption beginning September 17, 2006, Fourpeaked volcano had been dormant for over 10,000 years.</p><br>
<h3>September 17, 2006</h3><br>
<p>Pilots and other civilians reported two distinct and very large steam plumes coming from Fourpeaked volcano. They were seen as far away as Homer, Alaska located northeast of Fourpeaked across Cook Inlet. Scientists on subsequent flights by USGS/AVO discovered that volcanic gases were being vented "vigorously" near the summit. Air sampling confirmed these findings. The Alaska Volcano Observatory officially classified this event as an explosive eruption.</p><br>
<h3>September 20, 2006</h3><br>
<p>The Alaska Volcano Observatory upgraded Fourpeaked volcano from the classification "not assigned" to Level of Concern Color Code Yellow on September 20, 2006. This color-coded system was later renamed the Aviation Alert Level, but with the same color-coding system. At that time they began installing seismic monitoring equipment on the mountain and using fixed-wing aircraft as well as helicopters to monitor the volcano.</p><br>
<h3>September 25, 2006 AVO eruption warning</h3><br>
<p>On September 25, 2006, the AVO warned that Fourpeaked would likely erupt again, and released the following information as part of a special information release:</p><br>
<h3>October 3, 2006</h3><br>
<p>The Alaska Volcano Observatory completed installation of another seismometer near Fourpeaked. Almost immediately they detected an earthquake swarm of lower magnitude quakes. This behavior continued intermittently through the spring of 2007. Fourpeaked also continued to vent volcanic gases at the same rate as revealed in earlier air sampling.</p><br>
<h3>February 2007</h3><br>
<p>In February, 2007 Fourpeaked began showing a relatively small but noticeable increase in activity. The Alaska Volcano Observatory reported February 8–9 that: "Three small explosive events were recorded by seismic and acoustic instruments Thursday and Friday (February 08–09) beginning at 10:36 AM AKST (1936 UTC) February 08. A possible large steam plume was observed in several partly cloudy satellite views Thursday afternoon." On February 18, the AVO reported a swarm of 13 small earthquakes under Fourpeaked, with the largest measuring 1.8 on the Richter magnitude scale. On February 23, the AVO conducted a gas flight and detected the continued emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2).</p><br>
<h3>March 2007</h3><br>
<p>The Alaska Volcano Observatory began reporting in its Daily Update on Fourpeaked volcano that "several small explosion signals" were detected overnight, apparently continuing the series of small explosions which began on February 8. These "small explosions" continued until June, when Fourpeaked&#39;s classification was lowered to Green.</p><br>
<p>Salt Cay is the second largest of the Turks Islands, one of the two island groups forming of the British territory Turks and Caicos Islands in the Caribbean. Its area is 6.74 km&sup2;. The size of the district, which also includes some unpopulated islands like Cotton Cay  nearby, is 9.1 km². The population is 186 , all in the district capital Balfour Town, established in 1673, on the west coast.</p><br>
<p>Salt Cay is a tiny, flat, triangular island measuring about 3.2 km on a side and given over mostly to salt pans. It was once home to several hundred people, all supported by the salt industry.</p><br>
<p>Salt Cay is accessible via plane; Caicos Express Airways flies there from both, Providenciales and Grand Turk. From Grand Turk there is also a "community ferry", which operates three times a week and takes about one hour to cover the 13 km distance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the Spanish conquistador-explorer Juan Ponce de León came to the Islands in 1512, they were still inhabited by Arawak Indians who disappeared afterwards due to the diseases contracted from the Europeans and forced labor imposed by them.</p><br>
<p>Bermudians came to the islands in the 1673 century fleeing slavery and established what was to become the principal industry for the next 300 years – the production of salt from brine. The islands came under British colonial rule in 1766.</p><br>
<p>It was Turks and Caicos salt that George Washington needed to preserve the food for his army during the American Revolutionary War and that the Canadian and American fishing fleets used to salt down their catches.</p><br>
<p>A combination of competition, costs, mismanagement and the lack of a deepwater harbor brought the salt industry in the Turks and Caicos Islands to an end. As late as the 1920s and 1930s, up to half a dozen sailing ships at a time would be anchored off Salt Cay awaiting cargo. The salt had to be ferried out to them over shallow water. Bahama Passage, a 1941 film, showed the salt industry in its final days.</p><br>
<p>Ruins from the salt operations remain on Salt Cay. The island is now popular with tourists looking for uncrowded beaches and activities like whale-watching. Scuba diving and other water sports also attract visitors. Donkeys and cattle, descendants of those worked during the salt days, roam freely.</p><br>
<p>On September 7th, 2017, Hurricane Irma struck the Turks and Caicos, damaging 100% of the housing on Salt Cay.</p><br>
<h2>Humpback whales of Salt Cay</h2><br>
<p>The humpback whales of Salt Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands and Silver Bank are North Atlantic humpback whales, and are some of the same individuals one might encounter on a whale watching cruise off of Massachusetts&#39; Stellwagan Bank, the coast of Maine, and further north into the waters of Iceland and Greenland, Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>Salt Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands is in the middle of the humpback whales&#39; annual migratory route to the Silver Banks, a humpback mating and nursery area, north of the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean Sea. It is a 75 square miles shallow coral reef area, an underwater plateau of limestone. It is believed that the whales choose this area for birthing and nursing because of the numerous coral heads which break the surface providing protection from ocean swells. Some estimates show 3,000–5,000 humpback whales passing through the waters of the Silver Banks between December and mid-April each year, making it the largest breeding and calving grounds, often called a nursery, in the world.</p><br>
<p>Great Sand Cay, about 9 mi south of Salt Cay, has been the “emergency room” to many expecting humpback whales through the years. Humpback whales born in the waters around Great Sand Cay and their mothers as well as other humpback whales are often spotted both by passengers on boats and from the shores of Salt Cay.</p><br>
<p>Agioi Apostoloi is a waterfront village, named after a small church called Agioi Apostoloi , situated in Crete and it is famous for its coves. Found only 4 km from the center of Chania on the island of Crete, it is known for its small protected woods, for a summer beach volleyball competition, and as a favorite beach for winter swimmers. Agioi Apostoloi is located between the city of Chania to the east, and the summer resorts of Agia Marina and Platanias to the west.</p><br>
<p>Many inhabitants of Chania visit the sandy beaches during the weekends because they are close to the city, they have sport facilities and in the end they are quite warm even from the first weeks of the summer.</p><br>
<p>There are three different beaches in Agioi Apostoloi, each one situated in its own small bay.</p><br>
<p>The most well-known beach in the village is called Chrissi Akti ("Golden Beach"), due to the gold colour of the sand. The second of Agioi Apostoli’s beaches is a horseshoe shaped sandy cove which is popular with swimmers. The beach is 500 metres long and 50 metres wide and can be accessed via wooden boards and ramps. The beach has received a Blue Flag award. The third beach is the smallest beach in this Municipality at 300 metres long and 20 metres wide. The beach is approached by wooden boards and ramps and again has Blue Flag status.</p><br>
<p>The village of Agioi Apostoloi is also known for its sardine feast. During the feast, lots of people, locals and visitors alike, gather here to freely taste the grilled sardines, drink raki or tsikoudia, and listen to traditional Cretan music.</p><br>
<p>The waterfront of the Agioi Apostoloi (the park included) is under preservation by the authorities, therefore there is still some green space next to the sea. The local flora consists of many Pine, Nerium oleander, Palmaes and Eucalyptus trees. Sea Daffodil, a rare and protected species with large, delicate, white flowers and a strong scent, also grows in the area.</p><br>
<p>Environmental educational projects take place throughout the year, particularly regarding the Loggerhead sea turtles that use the coastline to breed.</p><br>
<p>In the past few years there has been discussion in the local community about whether Agii Apostoli should be protected from any kind of tourist development.</p><br>
<p>The Nike Missile Site HM-69  is a former Nike-Hercules missile base, now listed as a historic site west of Homestead, Florida, United States. It is located on Long Pine Key Road in the Everglades National Park. The site with 22 buildings opened in 1964 and closed in 1979 when it was turned over to the National Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The Homestead-Miami Defense Area was established as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and was the last fixed air defense missile system to remain in operation in the continental United States. HM-69 was the westernmost of the Nike-Hercules sites ringing Miami. The south Florida sites were unique in operating an anti-tactical ballistic missile version of the Nike-Hercules, intended to intercept missiles fired from Cuba. A proportion of the district&#39;s missiles were armed with nuclear warheads.</p><br>
<p>The battery was initially stationed in temporary facilities from 1962 to 1965 just outside the park entrance at a site near State Road 9336. Construction of the completed Battery A, as it was known, was completed in 1964 in a portion of the park known as the "Hole in the Donut", formerly occupied by Iori Farms. The launch site consisted of three above-ground launch units, each with four missiles. Above-ground units were required in the Everglades due to the high water table. A mobile HIPAR radar unit provided radar coverage. The fire control site was located to the north and is used by the Park Service as the Daniel Beard Research Center.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>On July 27, 2004, Battery A/HM-69 was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Miami-Dade County Courthouse, formerly known as the Dade County Courthouse, is a historic courthouse located at 73 West Flagler Street in Miami, Florida. Constructed over four years , it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1989. The building is 361 feet tall with 28 floors. When it was built, it was the tallest building in Miami and in Florida.</p><br>
<p>It is still in use as the main civil courthouse of Miami-Dade County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When county government was established following the Civil War, public records were so sparse they could be carried in a carpetbag and most probably were. Therefore, the "courthouse" was wherever the county&#39;s chief office holder decided to do business.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Dade County&#39;s first courthouse stood in the town of Juno, Florida some ten miles north of West Palm Beach. At that time, Dade County covered more territory than it does today, stretching from Bahia Honda Key, in the middle Keys, up to the St. Lucie River, near present-day Port St. Lucie.</p><br>
<p>Juno was chosen as the "county seat" because of its strategic location at the southern terminus of the Jupiter-Juno railroad. Juno also held the northern terminus of the boat and connecting stagecoach line to Miami. The courthouse remained in Juno (now no longer in existence) until 1899, when it was moved to Miami down the inland waterway on a barge and was placed on the banks of the Miami River, east of the old Miami Avenue bridge.</p><br>
<p>The building was two story wooden frame construction, housing offices and jail cells on the ground floor and a courtroom on the second floor.It has a Neoclassical design, in 1904 this building was replaced by a new courthouse building situated on Flagler Street (then known as Twelfth Street). It was a magnificent building constructed of limestone, having an elegant red-domed top, at the cost of $47,000. It was anticipated that this courthouse would serve the city for at least fifty years; however, no one was prepared for the rapid growth Miami experienced during this period, and by 1924, only twenty years later, there was serious talk of the need for a larger courthouse.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, architect A. Ten Eyck Brown entered a design competition for Atlanta City Hall, which was rejected. He then made the plans available to Dade County, and City and County officials readily approved them. It was decided by the officials to build the new courthouse at the same location as the existing one on Flagler Street. Construction began in 1925, with workers erecting the new building around the existing structure, which was then dismantled. Community leaders and citizens alike voiced excitement over the new 28 story "skyscraper" that would soon dominate the skyline.</p><br>
<p>Unexpectedly, construction was halted when the building reached ten stories. It was discovered that the "high-rise" was sinking into the spongy ground. Engineers consulted with an architect from Mexico City, whom had encountered a similar problem while building the citys opera house. The consultant determined that the foundation pilings were not set deep enough. To correct the problem, cement supports were poured, which take up much of the space in the buildings basement file room even to this day.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was finally completed in 1928 at the cost of $4 million (USD 2013 $54.5 million). Initially, it served as both the Dade County Courthouse and the Miami City Hall. Jail cells occupied the top nine floors because these heights offered "maximum security" and were considered escape proof. In 1934, a prisoner housed on the twenty-first floor picked the lock of his jail cell window and used a fire hose to lower himself to freedom. In the years following, more than 70 prisoners escaped from this so-called "secure" prison.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>For many years, the Miami-Dade County Courthouse, at an elevation of 360 feet, was reputed to be the tallest building south of Baltimore. It was the County&#39;s first high-rise and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Efforts to refurbish this magnificent structure and restore it to its original grandeur have been underway since 1981 by Architect James W. Piersol, AIA of M.C Harry Associates Architects of Miami. The restoration and renovations initially stabilized the terra cotta facade, and installed new life safety systems. In 1982, the idea of restoring the lobby to its original distinction was the passion of both Architect James Piersol and engineer Don Youatt, of the Miami-Dade Planning and Development Department. With a little less than half of the funding necessary for the lobby restoration project in hand ($300,000 grant approved by the Legislature in 1996), the Dade County Bar Association acted as the fund-raising umbrella and initiate a drive to raise the remainder needed from lawyers and the general public. A few years later, the same team restored Courtroom 6-1, which had been the site of many infamous trials over the years.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Miami-Dade County Courthouse provides offices, chambers, and courtrooms for the clerks and judiciary assigned to both the Circuit and County Civil Court and the Family Court.</p><br>
<p>The Old USA Post Office and Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Miami, Florida. It is located at 100-118 Northeast 1st Avenue. Constructed over three years , it was designed by Kiehnel and Elliott and Oscar Wenderoth. It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1989. The Miami-Dade County Tax Records say this building was built in 1917</p><br>
<p>In August, 1914, the Miami Weather Bureau Office was relocated from the Bank of Bay Biscayne Building to the third floor of the old federal building. Weather instruments were installed on the roof of the building. Richard Gray (1874-1960) was the Official-in-Charge. It was from this location that the warnings from the Weather Bureau Central Office in Washington were disseminated for the Great Miami Hurricane of 1926 and the Okeechobee Hurricane of 1928. The Miami Weather Bureau Office remained on the third floor from 1914 to 1929, although the weather instruments were moved to the Seybold Building in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Dr. William Homer Walker created First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Miami in 1933, when he acquired the first federal savings and loan charter ever issued in the United States. The original name of the institution was the First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Miami. Because it had outgrown two former locations, Walker purchased the abandoned Miami Post Office and Federal Court Building in May 1937 to house his savings and loan. In 1973 the bank moved to the thirty-two story First Federal Building, later known as the AmeriFirst Building and now known as the SunTrust International Center, at One Southeast 3rd Avenue in downtown Miami.</p><br>
<p>Larch Mountain, elevation 3,480 ft, is the highest free-standing peak in Clark County, Washington.  It is laced by a network of gravel roads as part of the Yacolt Burn State Forest. The eastern flank of the mountain was scorched by a gigantic forest fire in September 1902 and subsequently experienced a massive rockslide that rendered that side mostly unvegetated. The southern section of the mountain is part of the Jones Creek Off-Road Vehicle recreation area. From the picnic area at the top, the view is west toward the Vancouver, Washington area and east to Silver Star. A minimum security prison/work camp is situated nearby, whose inmates construct fire roads, fire trails, maintain campgrounds and help fight fires in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Livingston Mountain Washington</h2><br>
<p>Livingston Mountain is Larch Mountain&#39;s sister peak. It lies North of Camas, Washington. Livingston Mountain has gained popularity in recent years with developers. However, Camp Bonneville occupies much of the North and West flanks of the mountain, limiting the development in that area. The Mountain is only 25 minutes from the Portland Airport. The Livingston and Larch area is abundant with wild life including deer, elk, black bear, coyote, grouse, bald eagles, bobcat and mountain lion. The Flora is also quite abundant tall evergreens, lush ferns, huckle berries and many more. Due to the Yacolt Burn most trees are only half of a century old but it is not uncommon to find a tree or two that escaped the burn and now towers over the surrounding trees.</p><br>
<p>For the similarly named building in West Tampa see El Centro Español of West Tampa</p><br>
<p>El Centro Español de Tampa is a historic building in the Ybor City neighborhood of Tampa, in the USA state of Florida. Built as an ethnic and cultural clubhouse in 1912, the red brick structure situated at 1526–1536 East 7th Avenue a legacy which garnered the Centro Español building recognition as a USA National Historic Landmark (NHL) on June 3, 1988. El Centro Español de Tampa is one of two individual structures within Hillsborough County to be so designated.</p><br>
<p>The historic and cultural significance of El Centro Español de Tampa was noted well before the announcement of its NHL status. As early as 1974, the building was included by the National Register of Historic Places as one of the Contributing Properites within the Ybor City Historic District. The building remains an important component of the district, which on December 4, 1990, gained more distinct recognition as a National Historic Landmark District. It is now home to Jason Fernandez&#39;s restaurant Carne.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Immigrants from Spain (including some by way of Cuba) to the bustling factory town of Ybor City in 1891 established El Centro Español as the first of several ethnic social club and mutual aid society organizations. El Centro Español served as the organizational model for its later counterparts such as El Centro Asturiano, El Circulo Cubano, LUnione Italiana, and others. These clubs grew to play vital roles in Ybor Citys development and were of particular importance in welcoming and orienting new arrivals to the immigrant community. El Centro Español in 1904 went so far as to build their own hospital, the Sanatorio del Centro Español, which was in its day among the top medical facilities in Florida.</p><br>
<p>The organizations first clubhouse, an ornately constructed frame structure flanked by two towers, was built in 1892 on the site of the present Centro Español building, and featured a theater, dance hall, canteen, soda fountain, and classrooms, where English courses were offered. The clubs membership expanded rapidly, surpassing 2,600 people by 1908, and soon after outgrew their facility. The club replaced their original clubhouse with the building today known as El Centro Español de Tampa in 1912. In the same year, the organization established a second clubhouse, El Centro Español de West Tampa, to serve the Spanish population of West Tampa.</p><br>
<p>After several decades of prosperity and growth, El Centro Español and the other area social clubs entered a period of decline. Factors such as Prohibition, the Great Depression, and restrictions in immigration curtailed the influx of potential new membership, and sent much of the areas existing population looking for work elsewhere. By World War II, much of the organizations roles in terms of health care and social welfare were absorbed by government and private interests. The membership base declined further as the now second and third generation Spanish-Americans more freely interacted with the rest of the population and more closely identified with American culture.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the organization consolidated their remaining membership to the West Tampa clubhouse, and the Centro Español de Tampa building was sold. After sitting vacant for several years, it was and now houses Jason Fernandez&#39;s Carne Chophouse restaurant. The West Tampa clubhouse houses and its program.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Centro Español building was designed by Francis J. Kennard, a noted architect who was responsible, either solely or in part, for many Tampa Bay area structures now considered to be of historic importance, including Hillsborough High School, St. Andrews Episcopal Church, and the Belleview-Biltmore Hotel. Kennard employed the French Renaissance Revival style in his design for the building, with heavy influence from Moorish Revival and Spanish Mediterranean Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The structure features masonry construction of red brick with white stone accents. The shape is a basic rectangle, exposed on all but the west side, consisting of a two and 1/2 story-tall main block, with an attached rear wing of three and 1/2 stories. The building&#39;s south facade along 7th Avenue features an arched main entrance in Moorish style with cast-iron trim. The long, east facade resembles a palazzo, an effect commonly utilized in Renaissance Revival designs, and also incorporates the use of cast-iron balconies.</p><br>
<p>The Ernest Hemingway House, officially known as the Ernest Hemingway Home & Museum, was the residence of author Ernest Hemingway in Key West, Florida, United States. It is located at 907 Whitehead Street, across from the Key West lighthouse, close to the Southern coast of the island. On November 24, 1968, it was designated a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This was Hemingways home from 1931 to 1939, although he retained title to the home until he died. It is a private, for-profit landmark and tourist attraction now populated by six- and seven-toed cats that are descendants of Hemingways cats. The authors second son, Patrick, who lived in the house, stated in a 1994 interview in the Miami Heralds "Tropic" that his father had peacocks in Key West and that he owned cats in Cuba. However, a photo on display at the Hemingway Home in Key West shows Patrick and his younger brother, Gregory, in front of the Cuban water jar near the swimming pool, and Gregory is holding a white cat named Snow White. In addition to the photo showing Patrick and Gregory with Snow White, Hemingways wife, Pauline, wrote the following in a January 22, 1937, letter to Hemingway (who was staying at the Barclays Hotel in New York City): "Snow White has become his (G&#39;s) fox fur that walks. Esther is having the same old cat looing troubles, with discussed alternatives of 1) getting little female, 2) letting him out and NOT worrying, which turns into letting him out and worrying, 3) castrating, 4) putting ad in paper asking for return of brown, blue-eyed cat with reward."</p><br>
<p>Descendants of Hemingways original cats continue to live on the premises. In 2009, the cats became the subject of federal litigation after a museum visitor expressed concern about the cats welfare. United States Department of Agriculture investigators visited the museum and subsequently ordered the museum to take measures to tag the cats for identification and to shelter them. The museum fought the regulations in court but lost their case in the court of appeals, which ruled that the cats "substantially affect" interstate commerce and thus are protected by the Animal Welfare Act of 1966. The house does not sell cats but does continue a selective breeding program for them.</p><br>
<p>It was in this house that Hemingway did some of his best work, including the short story classics "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" and "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber", his novel To Have And Have Not, and the non-fiction work Green Hills of Africa.</p><br>
<p>The house stands at an elevation of 16 ft above sea level but is still the second-highest site on the island. It was originally built in 1851 by Asa Tift, a marine architect and salvage wrecker, in a French Colonial estate style, out of limestone quarried from the site. As testament to its construction and location, it survived many hurricanes, and the deep basement remained, and still remains, dry. Before Hurricane Irma struck the Florida Keys in September 2017, the entire population of the island chain were ordered to evacuate by the federal government, but the museum&#39;s curator declined to leave the house or evacuate its cats. He, the cats and the house all survived the storm intact.</p><br>
<p>The Hemingways had spent the previous three years living in Key West but had rented housing, the last being a two-story home at 1301 Whitehead Street. Pauline (the writers second wife) found the Tift house for sale at a tax auction in 1931. Paulines Uncle Gus bought it for her and Ernest, for $8,000 cash, and presented it to them as a wedding gift.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The house was one of the first on the island to be fitted with indoor plumbing and the first on the island to have an upstairs bathroom with running water, fed from a rain cistern on the roof. Also notable are a built-in fireplace and the first swimming pool in Key West, which was the only pool within 100 mi in the late 30s. In November 1936, in an interview with the Key West Citizen, Hemingway showed the reporter the location he had planned for a pool. It was Pauline Hemingway, though, who spent $20,000 (equivalent in 2013 to $330,000) to have the deep well-fed pool built for her husband while he was away as a Spanish Civil War correspondent in 1938. When Hemingway returned, he was unpleasantly surprised by the cost and exclaimed, "Well, you might as well have my last cent." This penny is embedded in concrete today near the pool.</p><br>
<p>In 1937, when Ernest was in Spain, Pauline hired Ernest&#39;s friend, driver, and handyman, Toby Bruce, to build the high brick wall that surrounds the house today.</p><br>
<p>Another of Hemingway&#39;s loves was boxing. He set up a ring in his yard and paid local fighters to box with him. He also refereed matches at Blue Heaven, then a saloon but now a restaurant, at 769 Thomas Street.</p><br>
<p>Hemingway converted a urinal obtained after a renovation at Sloppy Joes bar into a water fountain in the yard, where it remains a prominent feature at the home, filled with water from the large Cuban jar and serving as one of many water sources for the grounds cats. The grounds of the house are maintained as a garden, with many tropical plants installed after Hemingway moved to Cuba. In Hemingways time, the grounds, like the island, were sparse and dry due to lack of water that only came later, with the Navys installation of a water line from mainland.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally purchased for $8,000. After Hemingways death in 1961, the house was sold by his widow, Mary, to Mrs. Bernice Dickson, the founder of the museum. A prominent feature of the dining room is a Murano glass chandelier. Upstairs, a book display shows books owned by Hemingway while he lived in Key West—including Red Pete the Ruthless by C.M. Bennett. Clearly visible is the inscription, "Given to Hemingway—1936," from Sister Ida, a nun at the local St. Josephs convent. His writer&#39;s studio in the second floor of a free-standing carriage house, and where he stayed briefly (in the 1950s) when visiting from his home in Cuba, was once connected by a second story walkway to the master bedroom. The walkway, shown in pictures from archives, has not been reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>A garage on the property, with a caretakers apartment on the second floor, was built to house Ernests Buick automobile.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the house was a filming location of the 16th James Bond movie Licence to Kill. In the scene, Bond resigns from the secret service and then flees through the garden. In protection of M, the fictional guards watch from the Key West Light across the street.</p><br>
<p>High Gate  is a historic residence located at 800 Fairmont Avenue in Fairmont, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The High Gate house and carriage house were built ca. 1910-1913 by Fairmont industrialist and financier, James E. Watson, son of the "father of the West Virginia coal industry," James O. Watson. Designed by Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer, the stable and the adjacent mansion remain fine example of Tudor revival architecture with half-timbering, stucco wall cladding and clay-tiled-roofs—an academic style based upon late Medieval English prototypes that was common among suburban domestic architecture in the United States in the early-20th-Century.</p><br>
<p>Although still uncommon prior to World War I, Tudor Revival became an immensely popular style during the 1920s and 1930s. High Gate is clearly a product of the early infusion of the Tudor style, as well as the opulence of the wealthy of the early 20th-Century.</p><br>
<h2>Historic preservation and restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2002, the Vandalia Heritage Foundation partnered with Friends of High Gate, to ensure continued preservation and restoration of the Carriage House and Gardens. Vandalia Heritage Foundation will enhance use of the Carriage House and Gardens and facilitate restoration of the second floor of the building, to be utilized for office space. Upon completion of the second-floor restoration, Vandalia will truly be able to "Keep the Gates Open," preserving a significant National Historic Landmark in West Virginia&#39;s history, and an important moment in the local history of Fairmont.</p><br>
<p>The González–Alvarez House, also known as The Oldest House, is a historic home in St. Augustine, Florida. It is located at 14 St. Francis Street. On April 15, 1970, it was designated a USA National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The "Oldest House" title dates from a period when the house was believed to have been built in the 16th century. The currently recognized oldest house in the United States is the Fairbanks House, which was built in 1639. However, The González–Alvarez house is still the oldest house in Florida, so the "oldest house" title still has some merit, even though it is not the oldest in America.</p><br>
<p>The house is owned by the St. Augustine Historical Society and is open for public tours as part of the Oldest House Museum Complex. Evidence can be seen of the Spanish, British, and American occupations of St. Augustine.</p><br>
<h2>List of families who lived in the oldest house</h2><br>
<p>First Spanish period</p><br>
<p>1625–1873, family of Tomas González y Hernandez & Maria Francisco de Guevara</p><br>
<p>British period and second Spanish period</p><br>
<p>1775–1790, Joseph Peavett & Maria Evans</p><br>
<p>Second Spanish period and into statehood</p><br>
<p>1790–1882, Family of Geronimo Alvarez & Antonia Vens</p><br>
<p>Up to the present</p><br>
<p>1882–1918, William B. Duke family (1882–1884), Mary Carver and Dr. Charles P. Carver (1884–1898), James W. Henderson family (1898–1911), George T. Reddington and the South Beach Alligator Farm 1911–1918</p><br>
<p>1918–present, St. Augustine Historical Society</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine is a historic cathedral in St. Augustine, Florida, and the seat of the Catholic Bishop of St. Augustine. It is located at Cathedral Street between Charlotte and St. George Streets. Constructed over five years , it was designated a USA National Historic Landmark on April 15, 1970. Originally established in 1565 and re-built in the 18th century, it is the oldest church in Florida.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the mid-1560s, the Spanish Empire expanded from its Caribbean strongholds northward, to what is Florida today. The first colony which was founded and remained continuously occupied was St. Augustine. Spanish settlers began immediately to establish a Catholic church. The Roman Catholic Church was integral to the Spanish monarchy and to Spain&#39;s history. In fact, from the mid-1500s to the mid-1600s, the kingdom was in the midst of a Catholic Revival, in opposition to the Protestant Reformation.</p><br>
<p>The settlement&#39;s cathedral was completed rapidly. However, given that the early colonists were mostly sailors or soldiers and had little experience in architecture, the first Cathedral of St. Augustine was very simple, with a variety of materials and overall hurried confusion about the building. As the English would have it, the original parish would be short-lived. In 1586, an attack on St. Augustine led by Sir Francis Drake resulted in the cathedral burning down. As determinedly as they had done two decades previously, the colonists began rebuilding the cathedral and completed the second construction in a matter of months. Once again though, the cathedral was rather poorly constructed out of primarily straw and palmetto, which proved to be a very non-durable and temporary material in such a humid climate. Regardless of construction quality of the second structure, history would repeat itself in 1599; because the second cathedral suffered the same fate of burning, except this time the fire was due to natural conditions.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after news of the second cathedral&#39;s demise reached Spain, a tithe was placed for several years; and in 1605, the third attempt was made to construct the church. By this time, more experienced architects and builders from Europe had begun to make their way to the New World, and the third cathedral was built with permanence in mind. It was constructed from timber, and it would stay intact for the next 95 years.</p><br>
<p>Some years after the timber cathedral had been completed, the church began to deteriorate due to lack of maintenance, climatic conditions, and severe fluctuation in the congregation&#39;s size. Consequently, in 1702 when the church was again burned down, during a failed English effort to take over the city led by South Carolina colonist James Moore, the cathedral would vanish from the town for over ninety years. Undoubtedly, there were attempts throughout to rebuild, the most notable in 1707.</p><br>
<p>The King had sent a large sum of money for the cathedral to be rebuilt. The funds never made it to the cathedral because the colony was in poor shape; the money was spent on goods, back pay for soldiers, and public officials taking a cut. (A similar misappropriation of funds had occurred in almost the same manner about a century earlier.) During the first half of the 18th century, priests held mass in what was a portion of St. Augustine&#39;s hospital. This became detrimental to the size and morale of the congregation, as well as to the relations with Native Americans, many of whom had converted to Catholicism.</p><br>
<p>From 1763 to 1784, Florida fell under British rule, and concern for reconstruction dwindled into nonexistence. However, only two years after Spain regained control of the colony, a new sense of pride was instilled in the citizenry and a plan for a grand Cathedral was put into motion. As planned, in 1793 the beginnings of the Cathedral of St. Augustine as we know it today were created, and this rendition of the project, being the longest-running in the parish&#39;s history, finally reached completion in August 1797.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The cathedral&#39;s eclectic facade is a combination of Spanish mission and Neoclassical styles. Spanish mission features include curving bell gables, limited fenestration, clay roof tiles, a semicircular tympanum, prominent statuary niche, and comparatively unadorned walls. Neoclassical details surround the entry door; an entablature embellished with triglyphs is topped with a broken pediment above and supported by pairs of Doric columns below.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, just as fire had plagued the cathedral in the past, the structure burned once again. The damage was not total, however, and the exterior shell of the building was still salvageable because the coquina and cement used to build the masonry walls were fireproof. Reconstruction was started through donations from Henry Flagler and funds from the congregation. At this time the congregation hired New York architect James Renwick, Jr. to restore the burned cathedral. Upon restoration, many improvements were made; to start the church was enlarged, particularly the addition of a transept to give the church a more European style. Also, as the truss system before was somewhat plain, Renwick devised a roof system that still relied on timber, but decided to decorate the timbers and leave an exposed ceiling, which today makes for a beautiful view upon entering the church seeing the decorated and varnished chords in the upper portion of the structure.</p><br>
<p>One possible misconception of the history of the Cathedral of St. Augustine is the well-known bell tower that graces the top of the building. This was not the first time in the USA that an exposed bell tower had been placed on a church, or Spanish type of religious structure. In fact, by this point, Spanish missions had already moved far west, and had built cathedrals in Arizona, New Mexico, California, Texas, and Mexico. The bell tower was placed on the Cathedral of St. Augustine because the exposed bell at the front of the cathedral had become a well known symbol of the Spanish mission. Despite the technique being used elsewhere, a certain grandeur was still associated with this specific cathedral. As such, four bells were placed at the Cathedral of St. Augustine; one of which is still thought to be the oldest bell in the United States to this day because it is thought to have been salvaged from a previous church. As for the other bells, one of the more ironic features of the cathedral, one of the bells was taken from a British cathedral, the very empire that had burned this church more than once in the past.</p><br>
<p>The last rebuilding of the cathedral (not the remodelling) included an idea for building materials that was remarkably innovative. Since fire had demonstrated to be a problem in the past, the notion arose to use a nonflammable material, and with a reasonably modest budget coupled with constraints of transport, a solution was not so clear. In the end, however, apparently due to Amerindian construction knowledge, coquina stone was used for the exterior walls. The great aspect of this material was it is a sedimentary rock, created primarily from the decomposition of seashells. As St. Augustine is a city near the coast, the stone could be quarried and transported with minimal distance to travel, and it was easy to quarry because the stone was saturated with seawater when quarried. After pulled out of an extremely wet environment, the stone hardens to a regular stone consistency when dry. This served the exact purpose that was required and was done with minimal effort and cost.</p><br>
<p>The Avero House is a historic house located at 41 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida, United States. The building is locally significant as one of 30 remaining houses within the historic district that pre-date 1821. It was once the site of a Minorcan Chapel. Today, the building is home to the St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Avero House is a two-story rectangular block with an open loggia on the southeastern portion of the lot. The walls are made of coquina stone laid in roughly horizontal courses with lime mortar, which are plastered both inside and outside. At the flat roof, there is one coquina masonry chimney with two flues.</p><br>
<p>Although the house was apparently built around 1749, the first detailed information on its layout does not appear until a map from 1762, which depicts it as having a U-shaped floor plan.</p><br>
<p>The St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine is dedicated to the first colony of Greek people who came to America in 1768. The Shrine includes the St. Photios Chapel which features Byzantine decorations, and a museum with exhibits about the life of early Greek settlers and the development of the Greek Orthodox Church in America.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Old Jail  is a historic jail in St. Augustine, Florida. It is located at 167 San Marco Avenue. On August 27, 1987, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. The St. Johns County Jail now serves as the Old Jail Museum.</p><br>
<h2>The Old Jail</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed and constructed by the P.J. Pauley Jail Building and Manufacturing Company of St. Louis, Missouri in 1891. Its construction was financed by Henry Flagler, who struck a deal with the county for $10,000 because the former jail building stood on land that Flagler needed for the construction of his Ponce de León Hotel. The Old Jail served as the St Johns County Jail until 1953. After the jail facilities were moved to a new, more modern building, the vacant Old Jail building was sold to entrepreneur Henry "Slim" McDaniel who began operating the remarkably well preserved building as a roadside tourist attraction. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Originally built to house up to 72 prisoners, the two story northern wing of the Jail consists of a general population and maximum security area, a women&#39;s section and a lower level kitchen. Maximum Security housed the most dangerous prisoners held at the Jail and includes a Death Row cell, for those condemned to die. A total of 8 men were hung from the Gallows on the Jail compound during its history. Overall conditions at the Jail for those serving varying sentences were quite poor by modern standards and prisoners were typically used as free farm laborers during the day. Baths were infrequent, toilet facilities consisted of one bucket per cell and diet was poor and was typically supplemented by any animals that the prisoners might catch while working on the fields. Segregation by race was steadfastly adhered to at the Jail and disease, violence and death were commonplace. The two story southern wing of the Jail consists of an Office for the Sheriff and living quarters for his family.</p><br>
<h2>Old Jail Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Old Jail Museum consists of a restored jail with sheriffs living quarters. It also contains a display of weaponry and a pictorial history of the hangings carried out at the Old Jail, with emphasis on the time the Sheriff CJ Perry was in residence with his family. The Jail is only accessible by guided tour, with costumed guides "processing" in the new prisoners. The Jail also serves as the grand finale to Old Town Trolleys Ghost and Gravestones tour, allowing visitors to access the building by night as well.</p><br>
<p>Phnom Malai is a mountain area in Malai District, Banteay Meanchey Province of Cambodia.</p><br>
<p>The district became a Khmer Rouge stronghold and battleground through the 1980s and 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Today it is a remote and sparsely populated border area with scattered settlements mostly made up of former rebels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Refugees from refugee camps in Aranyaprathet, Thailand, were forcefully sent back across the border in 1980 to areas under Khmer Rouge control and many of them ended up in Phnom Malai. The process was organized by pro-Democratic Kampuchea cadres, but it was presented to the press as "voluntary". It was supported by the United States government, who took a dim view of the existing pro-Vietnamese Cambodian regime, as well as countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore, whose representative exhorted the disoriented refugees to "go back and fight."</p><br>
<p>By 1981 Phnom Malai was not self-sufficient, the Khmer Rouge uniforms and weapons came from China, channeled through the Thai military, and the food from markets across the border in Thailand.</p><br>
<p>In this period, the Khmer Rouge was able to rebuild its military, now titled the</p><br>
<p>"National Army of Democratic Kampuchea" (NADK), as well as its infamous ruling party, the</p><br>
<p>Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), the sinister and shadowy "angkar", as the Party of Democratic Kampuchea.</p><br>
<p>By mid-1980s, with the cooperation of the West and China, the Khmer Rouge had grown to about 35 to 50 thousand troops and committed cadres.</p><br>
<p>Pol Pot lived in the Phnom Malai area, giving interviews in the early 1980s accusing all those who opposed him of being traitors and "puppets" of the Vietnamese until he disappeared from public view. In 1985, his "retirement" was announced, but he kept hiding somewhere close by, still pulling the Khmer Rouge strings of power.</p><br>
<p>Phnom Malai was the location where in 1981 Pol Pot made his famous declarations denying guilt for the brutalities of the organization he led:</p><br>
<p>Pol Pot, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai, 2000</p><br>
<p>The Khmer Rouge base complex at Phnom Malai was overrun by the PRK army during the 1985 dry season. Its headquarters were completely destroyed; the Vietnamese attackers suffered substantial losses during the attack. Pol Pot was able to flee across the border to Thailand, where he lived until his death in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple No. 25, the meeting location of Hillsborough Lodge No. 25, Free and Accepted Masons, is an historic Masonic building located at 508 East Kennedy Boulevard in Tampa, Florida, United States. Erected in 1927, the Lodge building was designed by Brother Leo Elliott whose design for it was inspired by three medieval Italian cathedrals.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone of the Hillsborough 25&#39;s fourth, and current Lodge building, was laid on June 18, 1928, by the Most Worshipful Grand Master of Florida, Cary B. Fish. The Lodge was constructed at its current location in Downtown Tampa, on the corner of East Kennedy Boulevard and Morgan Street. The first Masonic Lodge meeting in the new Temple was called on February 19, 1929. On September 11, 1986, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The building includes a large dining room, kitchen, officer offices, library, conference room, lounge area, and lodge room. The Lodge room is adorned with a 40 ft high, hand painted ceiling, and accommodates up to 450 Brothers and visitors. The Lodge rents out the three street-side rental units on the first floor to businesses.</p><br>
<p>Lodge members have included:</p><br>
<p>Joseph Robles, who led the defense against Spanish invasion along what is now Bayshore Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>Abe Maas, one of the principal owners of Maas Brothers in Downtown Tampa.</p><br>
<p>Vivian Gaither, a leader in Tampa for whom Gaither High School is named.</p><br>
<p>The Horace Walker House, also known as Castillo Sebastian is a historic home in St. Augustine, Florida built around 1888. It is located at 33 Old Mission Avenue, near the north city gate. On January 30, 1998, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The house was erected using mold-formed concrete blocks, commonly called "artificial stone". Smith was the first to make concrete blocks that used crushed coquina instead of sand, along with Portland cement. In the late 19th century, this type of construction was new but the blocks used display the same characteristics: smooth/rough opposite surfaces, plus iron rods used for structural reinforcement.</p><br>
<p>The two-story, two bedroom, two bath house is one of St. Augustine&#39;s smallest examples of Moorish Revival architecture. The flat roof with decorative parapets are typical for the style; as is the front porch with five Tuscan arches—three facing the street. The interior is ornate, with heart of pine floors; the doors and ceilings feature carved wood. The central element is a double staircase with a landing between.</p><br>
<p>The structure was designed by Franklin W. Smith, who also constructed Villa Zorayda, his personal residence in St. Augustine, and the Casa Monica Hotel, which was sold to Henry Flagler.</p><br>
<p>Markland, also known as the Andrew Anderson House, is a historic mansion in St. Augustine, Florida. It was built in the Greek Revival style of Classical Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction on the original part of the coquina shellstone mansion was begun by New York doctor Andrew Anderson Sr. in 1839, just prior to his death in a yellow fever epidemic. Anderson had first arrived in St. Augustine with his wife and two daughters in 1829.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the land east of the residence was sold by Dr. Andrew Anderson Jr., the son of Dr. Anderson Sr, in 1887 to Henry M. Flagler for construction of the Ponce de León Hotel. Dr. Anderson Jr. died in 1924. The house was then purchased by the mayor of St. Augustine, Herbert E. Wolfe, who sold it to Flagler College in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The Markland House is located at 102 King Street, down the street from the Ponce de León Hotel at 74 King Street. The house, still owned today by Flagler College, was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Ximenez-Fatio House Museum is one of the best-preserved and most authentic Second Spanish Period  residential buildings in St. Augustine, Florida. In 1973, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It was designated a Florida Heritage Landmark in 2012. The museum complex sits just south of the citys central Plaza de la Constitución at 20 Aviles Street , the oldest archaeologically documented street in the United States. It is located at the center of Old Town, the citys oldest continuously occupied community. Since 1939, the property has been privately owned and managed by The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America in The State of Florida . Through their efforts, it was restored and interpreted to reflect its function as a fashionable boarding house during Floridas first tourist boom, which began after 1821. The property is a historic house museum, furnished and presented to tell stories of the visitors who lodged there, the women who owned and managed it, and how people lived during Floridas territorial period.</p><br>
<h2>Historical background and context</h2><br>
<p>The two-story main house was built by Andres Ximenez (an alternate spelling of Jimenez), a merchant of Spanish birth who married Juana Pellicer, daughter of Francisco Pellicer, a leader of the Minorcan community in St. Augustine. The propertys modern name references Ximenez as well as the last historic owner of record: Louisa Fatio (FAY-she-oh), who ran the boarding house as Miss Fatios. Louisa purchased the house in 1855, becoming the last of three successive women owners during its years as a boarding house. Their success contributes to the historical significance of the property, because this was a time when few American women owned property in their own names or managed a respectable business.</p><br>
<p>The houses adaptability to commercial activities is due in part to its size and central location near the plaza and the bayfront. Andres Ximenez built the structure to accommodate his family upstairs and support them through undertakings housed downstairs. His wife Juana probably assisted him in running a general store, tavern, billiard table and lottery. The Ximenez family did not occupy the house for long. By 1806, both parents and two of their five minor children had died. For a number of years following, Juanas father managed the property on his grandchildren&#39;s behalf.</p><br>
<p>The Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, in which Spain settled a border dispute and ceded Florida to the United States, brought big changes to St. Augustine. The only city on the Florida peninsula, it became a destination for curiosity-seekers and consumptives on doctors&#39; orders to escape cold northern winters. The presence of Castillo de San Marcos, a coquina fort built by the Spanish and now controlled by the USA military and renamed Fort Marion, brought a larger military presence to town. A decade after Florida became a USA territory in 1821, the need for more and better visitor accommodations became pressing. Local residents began advertising rooms for rent with board (meals) included. This kind of lodging was in most cases a step above staying at a hotel.</p><br>
<p>While small-scale boarding houses were the norm, the times were favorable for a more ambitious approach. In 1830, Margaret Cook completed the process of purchasing the Ximenez House from its heirs. Cook had relocated to St. Augustine from Charleston with her second husband Samuel in 1821. A widow again by 1830, she had the freedom not routinely granted to married women of her day to transact business in her own name. She secured these rights through legal documents signed by her husband before his death.</p><br>
<p>Architect Herschel Shepard verified that the house was converted to add extra bedrooms during Cooks ownership. Cook hired Eliza Whitehurst — a widowed friend from Charleston who may have also been a close relative — and opened the house to boarders. Under Elizas management, "Mrs. Whitehursts boarding house developed a reputation for high standards and good food. One guest noted, "…we were very fortunate in getting board at Mrs. Whitehurst&#39;s, considered the best in town." In 1835, 23 guests were recorded as having stayed at the house, with the majority coming from the northeast.</p><br>
<p>Eliza Whitehurst succumbed to illness in 1838, as did Margaret Cook&#39;s daughter. That year, Cook sold the boarding house to Sarah Petty Anderson for $4,000. She also sold Anderson an adjacent piece of property that she had purchased at auction the year before. This piece of land measured 57½ feet along Green Street (now Cadiz) to the west of the boarding house.</p><br>
<p>Anderson and her husband George were among the many newcomers to Florida in the early 1820s. Andersons mother, Frances Kerr, had purchased 450 acres of land west of the Tomoka River in 1818 for a plantation known as the Ferry. In Kerrs will dated September 2, 1820, Anderson and her husband were named the heirs of the Ferry plantation. In 1829, the Andersons bought Mount Oswald, a 1,900-acre plantation at the junction of the Halifax and Tomoka rivers. They later bought a third plantation, which was burned during the Second Seminole War. The ruins of this Dunlawton Plantation and Sugar Mill still stand on Nova Road, west of Port Orange, Florida. The site was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 1830s, Anderson was a widow living in St. Augustine. In the early 1840s, she hired Louisa Fatio to manage the Ximenez House as a boarding house. She retained Fatio as manager until 1855. That year, Fatio purchased the house for $3,000.</p><br>
<p>Louisa Fatio was the granddaughter of Francis Philip Fatio, Sr., co-founder and later sole owner of the 10,000-acre New Switzerland plantation on the St. Johns River west of St. Augustine, as well as two other large properties in North Florida. She was highly educated for a woman of her time. In 1812, the family&#39;s plantation house was attacked and partially burned during the East Florida Patriot War. After they rebuilt between 1822 and 1824, Louisa — who never married — helped her frail stepmother run the household.</p><br>
<p>The New Switzerland plantation was torched a second time during the Second Seminole War, which began in 1835. In 1836, Fatio moved to St. Augustine. The city was filled with military personnel and refugees from the war, and she found work managing boarding houses with her sister Eliza. Fatios reputation for fine food and accommodations grew. First-hand accounts, such as Charles Lanmans Adventures in the Wilds of the United States, note her reputation as a hostess: "From personal experience I can speak of one…of these establishments kept by Miss Fatio, a most estimable and popular lady; and if the others are as home-like and comfortable as this, the ancient city may well be proud of her houses for the accommodation of travelers and invalids."</p><br>
<p>Under Fatios management, the house on Aviles Street became known as Miss Fatios. The establishment was a fixture in St. Augustine until her death in 1875. The Fatio House is a setting in Constance Fenimore Woolsons fictional story about visitors to St. Augustine. Titled "The Ancient City," it was published in two parts by Harpers New Monthly Magazine in 1874 and 1875.</p><br>
<p>Sometime after 1855, Fatio added a second floor of bedrooms above the one-story wing on the north end of the main house. For years, experts thought the addition was completed during Margaret Cook&#39;s ownership in the 1830s. The theory was overturned in 2009, when dendrochronology experts from the University of Florida and the University of Tennessee dated the wood in the framing of the upper-floor wing to the latter half of the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>Eugenia Price made Louisa Fatio a major character in her 1980 novel, Margarets Story, the third volume in Prices "Florida Trilogy." One of its settings is Fatio&#39;s boarding house in St. Augustine.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and design</h2><br>
<p>Historic records and structural studies indicate that the main house and detached kitchen were built in 1798. Both are constructed of coquina rock quarried on nearby Anastasia Island. Coquina rock construction positions the house in the upper tier of St. Augustine residences of the Second Spanish Period. It is an exceptional example of St. Augustine Plan architecture. This hybrid style blends elements of Spanish Colonial architecture with more elegant Federal-style architecture introduced during Floridas British Period (1763-1784). The propertys detached coquina kitchen with beehive oven is the only original 18th century detached kitchen in St. Augustine.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designations</h2><br>
<p>Ximenez-Fatio House Museum is notable for:</p><br>
<p>its architecture</p><br>
<p>authenticity achieved through a decades-long restoration and interpretation process conducted by some of America&#39;s foremost historians and historic architects, and further informed by extensive archaeological exploration</p><br>
<p>insights about Florida tourists and how they lived</p><br>
<p>contributions to a deeper understanding of 19th century women&#39;s history in Florida</p><br>
<p>The property has been recognized with the following designations:</p><br>
<p>1936 — Historic American Buildings Survey</p><br>
<p>1973 — National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>1984 — St. Augustine Town Plan National Historic Landmark District</p><br>
<p>2012 — Florida Heritage Landmark</p><br>
<h2>Florida's territorial period</h2><br>
<p>In 1822, Florida was formally organized as the Florida Territory. No longer impeded by an international border, Americans began traveling to Florida. Naturalists who visited reported exotic flora and fauna. Adventurers came in hopes of making their fortunes in the new territory. Physicians in northeastern states recommended Floridas mild winters to patients suffering from a variety of illnesses, especially tuberculosis (consumption). Although travel to the Florida peninsula was arduous, St. Augustine became a popular destination. Visitors often stayed for several months. Most were accustomed to a higher standard of living than the typical St. Augustine resident enjoyed, and preferred the more individual attention offered in a boarding house, as opposed to the citys public hotels. This era in St. Augustine&#39;s history — after Florida was ceded to the United States in 1821 and well before the grand Flagler hotels opened in the second half of the 1880s — was the beginning of tourism in Florida. By 1834, there were six boarding houses in the city. More would open in the years ahead.</p><br>
<p>The central conflict during Florida&#39;s territorial period was with the Seminole. Earlier in the 1800s, a series of battles that was the first of three Seminole Wars sought to prevent Seminoles from harboring runaway slaves and to protect the right of white settlers to occupy land in Florida. A Second Seminole War began in 1835. It pivoted on the issue of Indian removal, a plan to move all Seminoles in Florida to land west of the Mississippi by 1835. A number of the Seminole chose to fight rather than leave their homes. In 1835, warriors led by Osceola began waging guerilla warfare. They attacked and burned plantations on the St. Johns River and elsewhere in Northeast and Central Florida. Local volunteers joined USA forces and state militia to fight the Seminoles. Fort Marion in St. Augustine became the center for USA military action, with Army officers often billeting at boarding houses and hotels in the city. Displaced settlers and families from nearby plantations sought refuge in St. Augustine. Visitors from outside Florida continued to travel to St. Augustine, though their numbers slowed during the heat of the conflict. During this tumultuous period, St. Augustine was crowded with people requiring room and board. In 1845, when Florida joined the Union as the 27th state, the boarding house industry was firmly established, with a reputation as a healing destination for invalids.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological discoveries</h2><br>
<p>The Ximenez-Fatio House has been the site of more than 15 archaeological digs — more than any other property in St. Augustine, according to St. Augustine City Archaeologist Carl Halbirt. Archaeologists including Dr. Charles Fairbanks, Dr. Kathleen Deagan and others have found evidence of human occupation on the property dating back to the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. A sub-surface sampling survey of the city conducted by Dr. Deagan in 1976 placed the Ximenez-Fatio lot at the approximate center of the 16th century Spanish settlement. In 2015, she observed that the property continues to invite exploration — in part because, "there is occupation going back to the founding of St. Augustine, and so its possible to really look at the whole spectrum of the citys occupation." According to Halbirt and Deagan, the high-ground position of the site — and artifacts discovered there — suggest that the property was inhabited by St. Augustine&#39;s upper class from the beginning of the colonial period and that there was continual activity in the centuries that followed.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological evidence of how people lived in 1800s St. Augustine helped to confirm the interpretation of the property as a boarding house. For example, animal bones in abandoned trash pits provided clues to what was served on the table, shards of china helped identify the pattern used during Sarah Petty Anderson&#39;s ownership, and a cache of silver buttons and pins led to the discovery of a laundry shed footprint. In 2003, archaeologists found a rare 17th century double-barred, white bronze Caravaca cross at the bottom of a 19th-century trash pit. Crafted in Spain, it predates the boarding house era by two centuries and is the most mysterious object found on the site to date.</p><br>
<p>A major archaeological investigation began on February 3, 2015, at the front of the Ximenez-Fatio House property adjacent to Aviles Street. Led by Carl Halbirt, it concluded on March 14, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Historical research</h2><br>
<p>After purchasing the Ximenez House in 1939, the Florida Dames were inspired by members of the Carnegie Restoration Committee to engage the most knowledgeable consultants available. Over the years, they have included architects Charles E. Peterson, Blair Reeves, Herschel Shepard, Charles Phillips and Joseph Oppermann; archaeologists Robert Steinbach, Dr. Charles Fairbanks, and, Kathleen Deagan; historians William Seale, Charles Tingley; and curator Robert Harper. Seale, who helped restore many historical American buildings, including a number of state capitals, conducted extensive research on the Ximenez-Fatio House in the 1970s. His research helped guide the Colonial Dames in their interpretation of the house during Florida&#39;s territorial days.</p><br>
<p>Historic sources include early maps and deed transfers, letters, journals, wills, marriage licenses and sales records. Researchers have also traced activity on the property using city maps that show footprints of residences built in St. Augustine during Spanish and British colonial times. The first recorded Spanish owner of the property was Cristoval Contreras. Artifacts found during a dig are believed to date from his occupation and corroborate with documentary evidence that Contreras was from the upper echelon of St. Augustine society.</p><br>
<p>Recorded deeds show four owners during St. Augustine&#39;s British Period. Evidence is strong that the Spanish Crown reclaimed the property after the British exited Florida in 1783, and that it was sold by auction in 1791. House historians point to a map (de la Rocque Map, on file at the St. Augustine Historical Society) from the period that depicts the ruins of a stone house on the site and a note on the 1791 transfer deed that reports a structure in shambles and a property assessed as "lot only".</p><br>
<p>A later transfer deed shows that the new owner sold the property to local merchant Don Andres Ximenez in 1797. At that time Ximenez already owned a house with general store across the street. The house with detached kitchen that he built on his new property was mentioned in his 1802 will, providing historians with a reference point to date construction. Ximenezs later will of 1806 lists the house and its contents, which included, " grocery store and a billiard table with everything pertaining to it". Many of the stores contents appear to have been sold after his death. From sales records, historians have a window into a St. Augustine general store of that time. Ximenez sold tobacco, children&#39;s reading books, palm leaf brooms, assorted vases, empty bottles, reams of white paper and bone buttons.</p><br>
<p>Legal documents help visualize the house as originally built. An assessment of the property taken shortly after the death of Andres Ximenez calculated the approximate quantity and worth of the masonry and wood elements. In a report dated July 8, 1806, the city&#39;s Master Carpenter Martin Hernandez documented 15 doors, 16 windows, wood for floors, ceilings and partitions, a stairway with pantry underneath, handrail and balusters, a roof with four windows and wood for moldings and trimmings. Hernandez also counted three doors, three windows and a shingle roof for the kitchen building and noted additional wood structures such as a privy, wash shed and wooden fences. Jose Lorente, Master Mason, calculated the overall measurements of the main house and warehouses that housed merchandise for the Ximenez store. In general, the main house that has survived into the 21st century matches up well with this 1806 assessment.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and interpretation</h2><br>
<p>For three decades after they acquired the property, the NSCDA-FL worked on repairs. In 1970, the house was awarded a National Trust for Historic Preservation grant. It enabled NSCDA-FL to hire architect Charles E. Peterson, considered one of the founding fathers of historic preservation in the United States. Previously, Peterson had established the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and was a founding member of the Association for Preservation Technology (APT). He visited the Ximenez-Fatio House twice in 1972. His observations were published in an article titled "Tour of Ximenez-Fatio House" in the St. Augustine Record on January 8 and 9, 1972.</p><br>
<p>Peterson was a stickler for accurate restoration and truthful interpretation at a time when these were novel ideas. He taught the Dames how to find their interpretation period. Years of in-depth research followed. NSCDA-FL research committee members studied city maps, historic newspaper articles, letters and journals; compared details in related houses such as St. Augustines Second Spanish Period Don Manuel Solana House; analyzed artifacts found underground; and consulted the findings of historians and architects. Their discoveries led them to focus on a little-known time in St. Augustines history — the boarding house era, which was at its peak during the 1830s and 1840s. Following Peterson&#39;s advice, the Dames also documented house features in detail, published information to attract interest from the academic community, and got the property listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, restoration efforts continued. Peterson introduced the Dames to architect Blair Reeves. Through Reeves, they hired architect Herschel Shepard. Shepard later helped restore the historic 1902 Florida State Capitol in Tallahassee, Fort Foster in Hillsborough County and other important sites in Florida. He was involved in Ximenez-Fatio House research and restoration from 1973 to 1979.</p><br>
<p>Based on physical evidence such as construction details, nail chronology and saw marks rather than solely on stylistic features, Shepard believed that most of the remodeling undertaken to transform the residence into a boarding house occurred between 1830 and 1840. He investigated features throughout the house with the object of understanding how the house was modified over time.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the NSCDA-FL was awarded a National Trust for Historic Preservation grant to hire historical consultant William Seale. Seale was previously curator of cultural history at the Smithsonian Institution and a nationally known historian and author. He helped guide the Dames in their interpretation. Seale provided a summary of how he would interpret each room of the boarding house, including appropriate furnishings, room arrangements and resources for further research. The acquisitions committee then began a long search for house contents. Their primary guideline was that all pieces purchased for the house must be documented as having been available in St. Augustine during the interpretation period. Items were sourced from antique stores, estate sales and private collections in Northeast Florida, Southeast Georgia and elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Seales most recent visit to the property was in 2006. In his follow-up report, he called the boarding house interpretation executed by the Dames in the 1970s "as valid as ever, reflecting current interests in the history field over the nation." Seale conjectured that Ximenez-Fatio House Museum may be the first historic house in the country to feature the story of a succession of women surviving economically in what was considered a mans world, and commercializing their domestic skills to do so.</p><br>
<p>Ongoing preservation of Ximenez-Fatio House is funded through grants, NSCDA-FL dues and private donations. Joseph K. Oppermann is currently lead architect for the house.</p><br>
<h2>The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America in The State of Florida</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1891, The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America (NSCDA) is dedicated to inspiring understanding and respect for America&#39;s origins as a nation. The national organization and its 44 corporate societies are active in 43 states and the District of Columbia. Across America, Colonial Dames further their mission through patriotic programs, educational outreach, historical projects and in many other ways. For example, the NSCDA is a national leader in historic preservation, restoration and the interpretation of historic sites. The National Trust for Historic Preservation recognized its work at 85 historic properties with the Trustee Emeritus Award for the Stewardship of Historic Sites. NSCDA-FL, the Florida society of The Colonial Dames of America, owns and operates the Ximenez-Fatio House Museum in St. Augustine.</p><br>
<p>Calima Lake  is the largest artificial lake in Colombia with an area of 70 km. It is located in the municipality of Darién in the Valle del Cauca Department.</p><br>
<p>The lake is part of a hydroelectric project for generating power for the department. C.V.C (Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca) started construction of the lake by 1961.</p><br>
<p>Calima Lake has become a place for water sports and leisure activities. Vacation centers, restaurants and camping zones were built near the lake, and is currently a popular place frequented by both national and international tourists, especially those from nearby cities and towns like Cali and Buga. The elevation of the lake is 1,500 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>There are three major routes to arrive to Darién from Cali, the closest city, by road/</p><br>
<p>Cali - Palmira - Buga - Darién, 108 km. This route has the best conditions</p><br>
<p>Cali - Yumbo - Vijes - Darién, 93 km. Although this is one of the most crowded routes, the road is in good condition and offers great landscapes alongside the Cauca River.</p><br>
<p>Cali - Dagua - Loboguerrero - Darién, 100 km. This route</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>The average annual temperature is 18.8 °C, although by afternoon and in the night can be colder. The temperature ranges from 14.0 °C to 28.8 °C. The weather is classified as humid meso-thermal with a rain period of 189 days.</p><br>
<h2>Festivals</h2><br>
<p>By the end of August, some cultural festivals and parties are celebrated in the town of Darién and near the lake. The "Black and White Sensations" electronic music festival is notable because it resembles a similar event hosted in Amsterdam. It is one of the most well-known outdoor events of its kind inland and gathers music lovers from all over the country.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>Thanks to the strong and constant winds, Calima Lake is the best place in Colombia for all types of water and extreme sports. At certain points, the wind can reach up to +30 knots. Kitesurfing is one of the most popular sports, since the wind is frequent and strong all year long. There are different kite spots and schools one next to the other that make this place one of the most desired spots in Colombia for the kiters. Windsurfing is also practised. Additionally, the most recent event is the Triathlon.</p><br>
<p>Different types of kitesurf and windsurf contests take place in this lake during the whole year, where people from different countries also participate.</p><br>
<p>Since this large lake remains warm throughout the year, there´s no need of wetsuit generally.</p><br>
<p>Forest Hill is an historic neighborhood spanning parts of Cleveland Heights and East Cleveland, Ohio, and is bordered to the north by Glynn Road, the south by Mayfield Road, by Lee Boulevard to the west and North Taylor Road to the east. Forest Hill was once the beloved summer home of oil magnate John D. Rockefeller and his family. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. purchased the estate from his father in 1923 and, with New York City architect Andrew J. Thomas, planned an upscale residential and commercial development featuring distinctive French Norman style architecture. Although the Great Depression forced Rockefeller to suspend operations, following World War II others were drawn to Forest Hill to build comfortable colonial and contemporary ranch homes on the remaining open land. Design principles of the Rockefeller-Thomas plan were extended to the later development and today Forest Hill is a rich tapestry of people, homes and gardens.</p><br>
<p>Bonscale Pike is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above Howtown on Ullswater. It is the northern end of a spur running north north west from Loadpot Hill on the main ridge of the Far Eastern Fells.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>From Loadpot Hill the ridge gradually narrows on the approach to Bonscale Pike, first crossing a marshy area and then the domed intermediate top of Swarth Fell, (1,788 ft). The ground from here onward is easy going with a covering of fell grass. Bonscale Pike stands on the north facing point as the boundaries of the ridge converge. Swarthbeck Gill on the east &ndash; which separates the fell from its twin, Arthur&#39;s Pike &ndash; falls to Ullswater through a ravine. The western boundary is formed by Fusedale Beck which also flows to the lake.</p><br>
<p>Bonscale Pike would be unlikely to register as a separate fell, but for the craggy western face. This is seen to best effect from Howtown or from a steamer on Ullswater, and swayed Wainwright to give the top a chapter in its own right.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>Depending upon their state of repair, two fine beacons (columnar cairns) may be prominent in the views from below. Bonscale Tower is the lower one, and both are placed on the rim of the crags. The actual summit is marked by a small cairn on a grassy mound, some yards behind. The view is masked to the south by Loadpot Hill, but the Helvellyns are well seen across the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Ascent is usually from Howtown, a path slanting up across the breast of the fell. The crags can either be rounded to the north via the beacons, or via a more direct line to the south. The latter has no clear path. A fair path runs along the ridge to Loadpot Hill, crossing the High Street Roman road to the south of Brock Crag, a number of old boundary stones being encountered on this route. A traverse can also be made to Arthur&#39;s Pike, crossing Swarthbeck Gill near its source.</p><br>
<p>Loadpot Hill is a fell in the English Lake District, between Haweswater and Ullswater.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Although of moderate height, Loadpot Hill and its descending ridges cover an area of around 12 square miles. Standing to the north of Wether Hill, Loadpot Hill is the last principal height on the main ridge of the Far Eastern Fells, before the land falls away to Penrith and the River Eamont.</p><br>
<p>The western slopes of the fell drop swiftly to Fusedale over a few outcrops of rock, Fusedale Beck flowing due north to Ullswater. North north west and north from Loadpot Hill, two short spurs fan out to the twin tops of Bonscale Pike and Arthur&#39;s Pike. These two fells, both with craggy faces overlooking Ullswater, are separated by Swarthbeck Gill.</p><br>
<p>North east from Loadpot Hill the main ridge becomes broad and indistinct, falling gently in stages between the rivers Eamont and Lowther. These empty Ullswater and Haweswater respectively and converge 8 miles(13 km) from the summit, just south of Penrith. In fellwalking terms the practical northern boundary of Loadpot Hill is the road from Pooley Bridge to Askham. This encloses broad slopes of heather and fell grass, with a wide depression at Moor Divock (1,060 ft) and then a steeper rise to the independent top of Heughscar Hill (1,240 ft). Continuing from here to the road, plantations and other forms of cultivation gradually increase.</p><br>
<p>Moor Divock is a site of historic interest, complete with tumuli, standing stones, boundary markers and stone circles. There are also sink holes and old quarries.</p><br>
<p>The north east ridge has Heltondale Beck to the south, a feeder of the Lowther. Beyond this an east ridge descends from Loadpot Hill between Heltondale and Cawdale, both of which are deeply cut. This ridge has a subsidiary top, The Pen, which bears a beacon (columnar cairn). The Lowther valley and the Askham-Bampton road form the eastern boundary of the fell.</p><br>
<p>South of Loadpot Hill a short ridge connects to Wether Hill, crossing a succession of peat hags.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The broad top of Loadpot Hill has a trig point marking its highest point. A little to the south of the summit stood Lowther House, an old shooting lodge, but nothing now remains but a pile of stone from the chimney. The Roman road (the High Street) which runs along the main ridge, makes a detour to the west around the summit of the fell before continuing north east via Moor Divock to Penrith.</p><br>
<p>An extensive Lakeland view can be seen to the west with the Pennines more distant to the east. Ullswater can be brought into sight by moving a little to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The main ascents are from Bampton or Helton via the east ridge, Pooley Bridge or Askham via the north east ridge, or Howtown via Fusedale. Ascents via Arthur&#39;s Pike are also popular. A good path runs north and south, using the Roman road periodically, and fainter paths also follow the branching ridges.</p><br>
<p>The Maungataniwha Range is a volcanic mountain range located halfway between Kaitaia and Okaihau in Northland, New Zealand. The Mangamukas, as it is known by the local residents and many Northlanders because of the name of the settlement and river on the southern side, separates Kaitaia and the Aupouri Peninsula from the rest of Northland. The highest point in the Maungataniwha Ranges is Raetea at 744m. The range is home to many kauri trees and part of the range is a part of Northland Forest Park.</p><br>
<p>State Highway 1 crosses the range and passes through the Mangamuka Gorge. With a summit of 383m, the road is known to be one of the most winding, twisty and hilly section of the entire length of highway in New Zealand. It was built in the 1920s and was sealed in 1961, making it the preferred route from Whangarei to Kaitaia.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, a railway was proposed to either run through the ranges or run round them to connect Kaitaia and the Far North with the North Auckland Line or the Okaihau Branch line of the national rail network. After much debate, the idea never went ahead and in 1936 the decision was made not to extend the Okaihau Branch to Kaitaia and the extension from Okaihau to Rangiahua was closed.</p><br>
